CG 100-40342
CASSIUS CLAY was the former Heavyweight
Champion of the world. He is known as MUHAMMAD
ALI in the Nation of Islam Organization of which
he is a member .
Jiv ,
On March 25, 1968,
PARMIPHAIvT- rtr'Pitn’i aH Rnnm 1 Hfi nf t ho
— m% *■# A W a M W/ w Vd/ 11 A. W V* A»V w ill A V '*■»*' vr
3756 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago,
Saturday night, March 23, 196 8, and
on Sunday morning, March 24, 1968.
who accompanied CARMICHAEL occupied
rented by ROBERT BROWN, 11400 South
Illinois .
3/68)
advised that STOKELY
'Rnhortfi Inrat.ort at
Illinois, during
checked out of the motel
Three unknown Negro males
Room 107. These rooms were
Vincennes, Chicago,
On March 26, 1968,
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Rooms 105 and 107 were rented by ROBERT BROWN, 11400 South
Vincennes, Chicago, at 3:18 p,m. on March 23, 1968. Three
unknown Negro males wearing African hair styles occupied room
107. ROBERT BROWN checked out of the rooms at 11:30 a.m.
on Monday, March 25, 1968, and paid a total of $72 for room
service and rent.
On March 26, 1968,
y. ok
lUUr 1 GU Xl Kj
advised that on Monday,
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ST0KELY CARMICHAEL spoke at the West Side Organization
Headquarters at 1527 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, Illinois.
Approximately 60 people were in attendance. CARMICHAEL stated
that the reason he is in Chicago is to stop the black people
from killing each other. He commented, 'The black man must
stop killing themselves and start killing the white man."
The source advised that no incidents occurred, the area remained
calm and no arrests, were made by the Chicago Police Department.
The West Side Organization is a militant
grassroot type welfare union organization which
concentrates on locating jobs for the West side
slum residents. It has an office at 1527 West
Roosevelt Road, Chicago. It is supported by the
Chicago City Missionary Society.
1 / 68 )
- 17 -
. /***
. . i'-i
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CG 100-40342
i
On March 26, 1968,
raising rally was held at tl
Drexel Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois, beginning at 9:15 p.m,
and ending at 11:05 p.m., Monday evening, March 25, 1968.
This rally was held for the benefit of H. RAP BROWN,
National Director, SNCC, who is currently in jail in New
Orleans, Louisiana. There were approximately 700 people in
attendance and the Theatre was filled to capacity . Among
the speakers recognized by the source at the rally were
ST0KELY CARMICHAEL, ROBERT BROWN, ROBERT LUCAS and EDWARD
"FATS” CRAWFORD.
Several white males were observed waiting outside
the Theatre prior to the affair, but these individuals were
told to leave the area. Various news men attempted to attend
the rally but were refused admission.
ROBERT BROWN, ROBERT LUCAS and EDWARD ”FATS "
CRAWFORD spoke briefly and only by way of introduction to
the featured speaker, ST0KELY CARMICHAEL.
ST0KELY CARMICHAEL spoke for approximately an
hour and a half, frequently repeating himself and giving the
impression of disinterest. Among the often repeated remarks
by CARMICHAEL were, "Blacks must love blacks," 'The black man
must know that the honkey is his enemy," "Blacks must unite."
CARMICHAEL stated, 'The white man has done nothing
for the blacks except cheat them, as is evident from the days
of slavery." "When the white man first came to this country
he learned from the Indian and then he killed him. " "It is
not going to be a long hot summer but it is going to be a long
hot year . "
*
CARMICHAEL stated he did not want the various
Negro teenagers fighting and killing each other, but rather
that they should unite and fight their common enemy. He
stated that H. RAP BROWN was in jail because he "rapped too
advised that a fund
Afro Arts Theatre, 3947 South
- 18 -
r *J&Q**£^j*5
CC 100-40342
much" pointing out the truth. CARMICHAEL read the audience
a letter he had received from BROWN which commented in the
same manner as he had been talking.
Source said students were able to attend the
meeting for a cost of $1.00, while adults had to pay $2.00
admission fee. During the affair a collection was taken up
for H. RAP BROWN. There was no announcement made as to how
much money had been collected.
The source stated there were no disturbances during
the rally, order was kept reasonably well, there were no
incidents and no arrests by the Chicago Police Department.
On March 26, 1968,
advised that on Monday
evening, March 25, 1968, between 7:00 and 1200 p.m. a fund
raising rally was held at the Afro Arts Theatre, 3947 South
Drexel Boulevard, Chicago. The featured speaker of the
evening was ST0KELY CARMICHAEL who addressed approximately
700 people of which 50 were representatives of black power
organizations in the Chicago area.
CARMICHAEL stated that the black people need black
supremacy. The black man must have guns not votes and that
votes are useless, guns should be used in place of votes.
CARMICHAEL protested America % Education System for the Negroes.
CARMICHAEL said every black man should get a gun to defend
himself and that the Blackstone Rangers should not destroy
each other but rather go after the white roan. CARMICHAEL
took a collection for H. RAP BROWN to help obtain his release
from jail and referred to BROWN as a hero.
On March 26, 1968, VEmmmV advised that on
Monday evening, March 25, 1968, STOKELY CARMICHAEL spoke
for approximately one hour at a fund raising rally held at
- the Afro Arts Theatre, 3947 South Drexel Boulevard, Chicago.
CARMICHAEL'S speech was lack luster and obviously off the cuff.
CARMICHAEL seemed bored with the meeting and the crowd and
quite disinterested . The crowd was extremely enthusiastic at
first but sensed his disinterest and responded accordingly.
CG 100-40342
CARMICHAEL commented that this summer will
undoubtedly see "whitey" out to get the Negro. He
counselled the audience to become armed and be prepared
to defend themselves and their community. He said they
should learn black brotherly love and stop fighting each
other, stop gang fighting and tearing up their own property.
lie said there is strength and power in black unity. Black
youths need to study their own history and get a good black
education. They cannot do this under the inadequate
educational facilities available to the Negroes under today *s
cond it ions .
CARMICHAEL made mention of H. RAP BROWN on only
one occad.on and then later to take a collection in his
behalf.
CARMICHAEL repeated himself constantly and spent a lot
of time preaching the necessity of all factions within
the black power movement to unify. CARMICHAEL'S comments
concerning Negroes arming themselves was limited to defensive
purposes and not of the usual inf lammatory nature.
The source advised that the speeches were poorly
organized and CARMICHAEL was introduced by ROBERT BROWN
who made only brief remarks not nearly as violent as is his
usual manner. ROBERT BROWN urged Negro unity of themselves
and their neighborhoods.
The source observed that STOKELY CARMICHAEL had
body guards among whom was EDWARD "FATS" CRAWFORD. Several,
of the body guards were observed to be armed with .45 caliber
automat ics .
EDWARD "FATS" CRAWFORD is a male Negro, self-
proclaimed leader of the now inactive Deacons of
Defense and Justice, Incorporated, Chicago Chapter,
and has recently proclaimed himself President of
the National Negro Rifle Association (NNRA). The
NNRA was organized by CRAWFORD to teach Negroes
over 18 years of age the laws pertaining to the use
of firearms.
1/19/68)
- 20 -
_ ^
■^r
-V.
r
CG 100-40342
At 6:48 a.m. on March 26, 1968, over a Chicago
radio station, WBBM, the announcer commented that STOKELY
CARMICHAEL made the following remarks at a meeting last
night .
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honkeys are preparing genocide and race destruction,
the blacks must have a- yun to light them."
and that
On March 26, 1968, EafllB advised that
date STOKELY CARMICHAEL has received $90 0 for his
appearances in the Chica
as of this
sneaking _
■
The source advised that on Monday morning,
March 25, 1968, STOKELY CARMICHAEL spoke at the Urban
Training Center, 40 North Ashland, Chicago, Illinois, to
a group of approximately 40 to 60 students in training.
The Urban Training Center is sponsored by several religious
groups primarily for the training of ministers for the urban
and ghetto areas, however, a sizeable percentage of students
are members of the Black Power Community Organizations. The
source stated CARMICHAEL made a brief speech to this group
and commented mainly on the theme of black unity and black
brotherly love. He advised the students that if they can
get organized, educated and plan a constructive program, he
will return to Chicago in the near future and assist them in
• the programs implementation.
The source stated CARMICHAEL'S speech was
extremely conciliatory and mild in comparison to previous
speeches by him.
The source advised that CARMICHAEL is not expected
to leave Chicago until his fiancee, MIRIAM MAKEBA, finishes
her entertainment contract with a local Chicago nightclub,
Mr, Kelly's. Her contract is up either March 30 or 31, 1968,
as a Hollywood actress and entertainer, PAT SUZUKI, is
schedj led to be the feature attraction at Mr. Kelly's on
March 31, 1968.
The source advised that MIRIAM MAKEBA has become
ill, cancelled her contract, and PAT SUZUKI will finish out
the remainder of her contract as of this date.
- 21 -
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CG 100-40342
jffs
On March 29, 1968, HuOMH advised that source
was among an audience of approximately 130 people at St.
Margaret’s Episcopal Church Hall, 2555 East 73rd Street,
Chicago, Illinois, on Sunday evening, March 24, 1968. The
St . n y*p> +■ *ci Vni crnna 1 momhorch i r\ n r\ nc i c + c nf
—■Vi <«» A A v W w vyM 4 VA4 V* A 4 IliWillis/W A WA1 Ap VW HAW w V/ x
approximately 300 members composed of about 10% Negro membership.
The Episcopal youth organization is composed of about 40
high school teen-agers with the same racial balance which is
led by Episcopal Curate Father WILLIAM WETZEL, a Negro.
Source learned on Sunday evening, March 24, 1968, that STOKELY
CARMICHAEL, former National Director of SNCC had been invited
to speak before the Episcopal youth group by Father WETZEL.
The audience, which numbered approximately 130, was composed
of 20 to 30 Episcopal youths, seven adult parishioners, and
100 Negroes, none of which were parishioners. Many of the
Negroes wore beatnik and African style hair and attire.
STOKELY CARMICHAEL and about 100 Negroes arrived
W V — L v 4 ^ . — l 1 mm >4 d 4 w"> * . X A
iJjJJ. UA JLJlkl LC ±y *±»J lii J.1J U Ltrts 1(1 It 1 I
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nu apuiugizeu lur tat; uej.it y
stating he had spent the past five hours arbitrating a
Negro youth gang dispute between the Blackstone Rangers and
another south side Chicago gang. He then retired to a room
to the rear of the speaker ’s platform with a few of his
accomplices .
Father WETZEL then had a collection taken to be
presented to STOKELY CARMICHAEL as a honorarium.
Father WETZEL then introduced a colleague of STOKELY
CARMIC1LAEL by the name of CLEVELAND BROWN. BROWN is described
as a Negro male, 30 years old, 5*8" tall, 140 pounds, medium
* complexion, brown hair cut normal, clean shaven, neat appearing,
slender build, and a soft speaker. CLEVELAND BROWN spoke for
about 15 minutes on the theme of police brutality against Negroes.
Ho told of a recent experience he had with police when he tired
to lead a peaceful d’einons trat ion at Orangeburg, South Carolina,
at a Negro college. He was badly beaten by the Orangeburg Police,
then hauled off to a hospital andplaced in an isolation ward
for 21 days. BROWN said he is now considered a fugitive by
police because he has been charged with seven local violations
in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia.
- 22 -
CG 100-40342
BROWN then introduced STOKELY CARMICHAEL who spoke
for approximately 30 minutes, principally on the theme that
Negroes must arm themselves and unify. CARMICHAEL appeared
surprised to see white people in the audience and explained that
he thought he would be talking to an all Negro audience so
he would have to change the nature of his speech. He said his
main reason for coming to Chicago was to create peace between
Negro groups. CARMICHAEL through his speech would state a
point and then repeat himself at least three times which
source thought was disconcerting, dull, and repetitious.
CARMICHAEL made the following comments: "If any white men
touch our black brothers we'll kill them"; **Black people must
learn to stop fighting with each other "Organize and carry
the fight to the streets"; "Black people must get guns and
ammunition to defend themselves"; "To hell with the United
States. To hell with Vietnam. The black people of the United
States have always had to do the lowest and dirtiest jobs.
Why should they go over and fight the white man's war?"
The source stated the meeting broke up without
any incidents. The neighborhood remained calm and there
were no arrests by the Chicago Police Department.
. Blackstone Rangers and other Chicago Negro youth gangs to stop
their intergang fighting and attempt to have them unite with the
Black Power Movement sponsored by CARMICHAEL. The source did not
know if CARMICHAEL was able to contact the Blackstone Rangers
or other youth gang leaders.
- 23 -
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CG 100-40342
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At 12:15 p.m
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March 30, 1968, SAs of the FBI
in Ph i r»Q nrn An TIni + aH
01 1 Vfl
Airlines Flight 147 at O'Hare Airport. CARMICHAEL was
accompanied by an unknown Negro male. They were met by two
unknown Negro males. The four men then entered a 1965 Plymouth
sedan bearing 1968 Illinois License PR 3051.
advised on March 30, 1968, that CARMICHAEL
and the others drove from O' Hare Field, Chicago, through
Chicago, proceeding east on Interstate Highway 94. They were
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Tnriiana on the Indiana
Toll. Road
1968 Illinois License PR 3051 is registered to
ELMYRA PRATTS, 2213 East 68th Street, Chicago, Illinois.
advised that
on June 11, and 12, 1965, in
connection with a demonstration at Chicago, Illinois, protesting
the rehiring of School Superintendent BENJAMIN C. WILLIS, was
At 5:30 p.m. on Saturday, March 30, 1968, STOKELY
CARMICHAEL was observed arriving at Western Michigan University,
Kalamazoo, Michigan, by SAs of the FBI.
advised
on March
Michigan University before approximately 900 people
regional conference on black power.
at Western
at a
mid-west
24
7 *
-sn*
CG 100-40342
At 2:30 a.m. on March 31, 1968, STOKELY CARMICHAEL
was observed to depart Kalamazoo, Michigan in a bronze Plymouth,
two-door sedan, bearing 1968 Illinois License PR 3051, traveling
west on Interstate 94 in the direction of Chicago.
>
C. Demonstrations
On January 31, 1968, ROBERT BROWN participated in
a "Black- In” demonstration held at Valparaiso, University ,
Valparaiso, Indiana. The reason for the "Black- In" was that
the Valparaiso University Administration had only permitted
50 Negroes to register at the school and the school has an
enrollment of 4,000. Approaches made to the president of the
college in an effort to have more Negroes admitted to the school
apparently were not effective.
2 / 2 / 68 )
2 / 2 / 68 )
D. Travel of ROBERT BROWN
ROBERT BROWN traveled to New York City, New York
over the weekend of December 23-24, 1967. He returned to Chicago
on December 25, 1967. The reason for the trip was to confer
with SNCC officials.
12/26/67 )
- 25 -
CG 100-40342
ROBERT BROWN traveled to Bloomington, Indiana,
where he attended an SDS conference held December 27—31, 1967*
C52SH 1/8/68)
ROBERT BROWN traveled from Atlanta, Georgia, to
Washington , D 4 G t or Mr rch 15 ? 1968- Among those accompany xng
him was former National Director of SNCC, STOKELY CARMICHAEL.
3/19/68)
ROBERT BROWN traveled from Chicago to Atlanta,
Georgia, on Tuesday, January 23, 1968, where he attended
a SNCC meeting at which H. RAP BROWN, National Director,
was in attendance .
1/26/68 )
V.. SNCC LEAFLETS AND PAMPHLETS
Broth
The attached leaflet addressed i
” was obtained from
Pittsburgh, Pennsy
fif^rema ming leaflets were obtained by
Chicauo Branch of SNCC Office and Chicago Chapter
Office between October 21, 1967 and March 8, 1968
from
CORE
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CITIZENS A’.ICUS BRIEF III
SUPPORT OF H» RAP BROOD'S APPEAL
FROM HIS BAIL REST lICIIOHS
IN THE SUPiSXi: COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
OCTOBER TERM, 1957
^ X -
FISC. HO.
I! PIT ED STATES OF AMERICA, ox rel.
H. PAD BROTH?
RE LATOR -PET ITI 0 HER
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HON,. RAYFORD FOGEL, CITY SERGEANT ,
ALEXjJ'DRIA, VIRGINIA,
RESFO: IDETiT .
"Wo, b lack and v.-hito citizens of tho United 5tat”3# herewith
respectfully request tho ^ up men Court of the United States to expoditg its consider*,
at ion of tho petition of H* Rap Brown for a writ of certiorari to the* nited States'
'rale for tho fourth Circuit and, upon such consideration, to 3 rant said petition, 1
1
i\s mo unde stand it , tho United Str.tes district ^ourb for .the
trict of Virginia, Richmond"* Division, imposed upon M r, Brovm, ns a condition of hie ro* t
1 c?^c on bond, tho restriction that ho could not leave tho eleven counties- of tho •
Southern district ofk’ew York, tho district in which tho office of Trillion II. Kunstlcr,
one of his attorneys, is located, except in connection with litigation in which ho is
involved* Because of this restriction on his tr enrol, Hr* Brovm has been prevented
frero fulfilling many speaking engagements, both in tho United States and abroad, and
wi ] be unable to meet similar commitments in the future*
In imposing this condition, the federal judge indicated that
to ha vo to stay
to the defer. a
kr a Brovm was "not going anywhere to make speeches because ho is going t
in Ur, ICunstler s district except when g'oing to and from trial and going
of those matters ♦"
The inability of Hr. Brovm to fulfill his speaking engage-
ments constitutes a subtle* but potent threat ot the free speech of every American* If
he can be imprisoned in a geographical area from v/hich he cannot emerge t* articulate
his views and those of tho SIICC whoso national chairman ho is, then bail is being
effectively used to silonco both hin and his organization, ^hile there nay bo many
people who disagree with tho views propounded by A *r, Brown, it is not in tho nnerioan
tradition to sqyelch them by conditioning Vns release on bond on his silence,
2<J ■
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! SVl'DK'.'T 1:0:1 V3 0i>KT COOIiijHL.TIi'G CO? IT i EE cc.R-iot •’ 'Tord to ooto.in n* .tJow.l
r,.('i o unci 1
Icvision v 3 i.io for
thu expression or its vi-r/s. It mist depend on their
or t iculr.t ion throughout the* united S tubes vnd, in pc.rticulr.j-, : t
t h e i if. ny e o 1 1 o r ;0 s cm d
universities thet era c;u;er to provide 1'oruis Tor hin* Since the restrictions vere
inposed upon hin, he hr.s hud to cvice ] s uch cure pernor cs nt such institutions c.s Gobbe t
University, Ox:~ord University, end the University of CrJ ifornic. nt Los fn^clcs (UCLh) *
cu crJJupon the Supreme Court of the United Stores vs the ultimate r;u.\rdiun of t!
First i'rv..n d:.-. on L to consider his petition for c. vr it of cortiornri project ly end upon sir
considerations to set c.sidc the restriction of his ripht to trnvel. Only such notion
v/i]] the rights of
a Jive in the Jr.nd#
- 1 1
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fjeorienn citizens '>c protected end the voice of dissent he kept
i i.
IJDIjRiSS
CITY
STi.TE
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uVadc-il I’onv.i o Co'ordff nating
SO 6 Ik.st 4Srd --otw
Ch5cc.ro, Illinois GO 6 55
575-9025
C on ’ x t c-c
DOLLARS TO S? T CC
I enclose 5
t o c o ’ on the vrorl: of SNCC,
Pi
O cl [jG 0
every «
Please include me on your me.il in;; list* i y nn.io is
(last) ... (fi rst)
(City) (State) (Zip)
Adel re s s (St reet)
Phone
Please make Checks
payable to:
SNCC
30 G F, t 43rd St,
Chicago, Ill s G0C53
373-9025
13 1 F] C K ChlCRGO
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h V v.ip ^ ^ ’ ■ — —
\ %X,4r , ,j : \ he has bscn scheduled to speak
-j/vn ' *. v in Chicago, something has stop;
\ & J , \ him. He will phone his
\ vi- \ speech in.
He is being held in Kevr
York under bench and has boon
refused p.orviission to travel.
£ach of the last three times
C Oc*£ / o rh <T v &}
\ >*
if <f
III
; r\ c/
fl / S m G
a Ik
J
S All 1 f? 0 AY , DbCbrf / 1 \ 1 6 , 19 6?
CHRIST idTRODIST CHURCH
S 401 S. S/vdGi'.i’iOH
Si 09 pm. until
j'TfinH SPdAKt.RS IHCLUDbD ‘
/ ,
/y
rot. cid
/ // / // Crr
T (J L-
t J)
Chicp.ro, 11 lino? ^ 1G53
373-9025
December, 1967
Dear Friend of SHCCj
T. : o would like to ask
culo.ted its ef .orts to stop a
of hr rras s: ;ent , int inidat ion,
ias been used in order to stop
your help, Tho n pm;or structure 11 has oso
1? forns of protest# Tactic after tactic
imprisonment, character assination, otc;
the libveaent for tho 7 iteration o? flack
People,
* The Trhite povrar structure is conducting cut all out war to kill
SHCC, Countless Si\C3 workers aro in jail or face the throat of inn
prisonnent. Office after office is boin* forood to shut down becausg
V
of c. lc.dc of opo rating expenses, SNOG Is sinking fest, But^. v/ill SHCC
r
bo allowed to dio? act if you really care#
Tie need your help to raise
alivo. So that t/e can continue our
to reach the masses of Black people
enough noncy so that SNCC can remain
Southern pro rrcjA and a program
in the Port horn ghetto % Black people
must be prepared to resist and to survive*
Please "ive this request serious ana immediate consideration^
Thank you very much for your help and loyalty to SUCCj
Yours for flack Liberation
Robert Brov/n, Dir*
Kid-cot SISC
enc: Pleu^e fon.i
* llidv.'e s t SKCC- Litcrcture
o
*J u
* T * HP 1
r a * >. r
' k -vrf
V' 4
i;
CG-
if
r' r*
Vr \j
. Sir:
4 0 3 4 ?
The Student; Kon-Violent Co-ordinating Committee has sat back for somo
covorid voo l;a. aid vat chad vith into rest tho development of the Cook County
Jail scandal, Tf© have vievod v/ith ojr.uscn.ent the melodramatic© of politioe
9 ©
cs honkies accuse honlzios of corrupt ion* briberary * misconduct ^ and
political Trhoelinr and dec.linr:© All at the expanse and voll boin^ of
i - w WJ ■ — —
countless Black lives*
T/e have eat back raid watched the gamo of political pov/er that is
being plo.yed by the politicians and v/ith each act, tho world has reveal-
ed to us a nevr face, There is no such thing as Justice, There are no
x'rso non, .And Black people are prisoners in a honkey hell*
T^* have rema5.ned silent vhilo racist- have repeatedly made re-
4
carles against Black inmates* But, . even silenco itself, says something.
Yes, thore comes a timo v/her. vro can no longer be silent, Vfo must speak,
• m v. a. 1 *- » a 11 4- Vi * J- *• pa © e vc l! a n ^ n /I cf © vtVi nM T CnO.n 1/* T Fl VA ^
jjjiU 1 Xil ^ i Uil X — W14S.U v ^ .l tr f » f . *. a
The Black inmates of Cook County Jail have asked us to sneak
for them,' No probe of the conditions of the jail con be complete vith-
%
ort hearing both sides# Black people demand a chance to be heard#
m
*r
v
» >
ff
*■
Yours truly,
ri—
Robert Brown, Dir
Hidvrest S2. r CC
l*.
v'-r
/ . T* 4
y
if 5 ;
MV s'
ill
1st-
l - tw
+<*
* .
fl -
1 ,.
1 1
I '/ .
1 - 1L-
- . ' A
• *1* T* *
UHlffiU
CORPORATE BROTHERS AKD SISTERS 8
WE TIRE COUCSR ED COtttlTTBE OF THIRTEEN HUNDRED WART TO
TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO WISH YOU A ‘ D YOURS A HAPPY BLACK
I KV/ YEAR A*?D TO OFFER OUR HOPE ALONG WITH TIIE KO^RS OF MIL-
LIONS OF BLACK COE SUM RS IE THIS COUiTRY FOR YOUR COMPAHY 1 ^
CO'OTHJED HIGH RATE OF GROWTH IU THE COMING YEAR, ALSO, V.r,
HOPE THAT PEACE AND TRANQUILLITY WILL BE THE KEYNOTE FOR
THE new year rather than unhide; q violence aid hatred.
OUR PURPOSE FOR WRITING YOU AT THIS TIME IS TO SOLICIT
MONEY TO ESTABLISH LIBERATION SCHOOLS THROUGHOUT xiIE EAST‘> :
ERI SEABOARD OF OUR COUITRY. THE EDUCATIVE AIM Oi- TtE^E
SCHOOLS VriLL DE TO STIMULATE A BLACK COHSCIOUS^So ijmU THr,
TEACHING OF AFRO* AMERICAN HISTORY AID TO PROMO m AH LAA1U_
1! ATI 0?I OF THE TECHNIQUES USED TO EXPLOIT THE TALENT*?, SKILL.;
A^D ERAIN POWER OF BLACKS TO THE ADVAITAGE OF OTHERS*.
WE KJIOW YOU WILL WAIT TO MAKE THIS A CO-OPERATIVE VM^ TU^_.
BY CONTRIBUTING YOUR COMPANY* S FAIR SHARE FOR THIS NOBLE U.
DEBT All EG, ALTHOUGH VIE ARE SHORT STAFFED AT TIIIS TIME, Ouu
REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE WILL MAKE A SPECIAL F.FFORT ±0 CO.< aA
YOlT***PLEASE HAVE CHECK, CASH, OR MONEY ORDER READY.
4
’ REMEMBER, YOUR GIFT MAY BE TAX DEDUCTIBLE*-- GEE YOUR AC*
COUNTAIIT, THANK YOU AND AGAIN A HAPPY BLACK HEW YEAR,
r
STUDENT IIGN-V7.0LEKT CO-ORDINATING COE-UTTEE
ATLAI’lTAj GEORGIA
> *
'J J. 1 ' ' < 4 I
•" '.) fj‘» o* 4
! c
: r
i r
is }j|. 4 r i ' i.’.-.j: i/;th-
A r» c. f U ; ; s 3 p <ue t ho A fr o -
* r ** • -r. n *? *:• ■, ; xi x : ; ; bo e v\T-7 r
• "LCv.ek i'V'to'y-
w fr-vont* 1 ’ fc/vure
«..i *.'.“lrsv. v-C' o*vp:;uV r
* r * : f •t/’*. • O.C ' , 0 i
r VhOG
< nuiv
i.m of report an ..*.c to 131 .ack
Ti
P> 1
wory
t:;
the
sent v
'ey.
Why
. 1 . .V 1
ye
;■* ov<v
eve
i tS
end
uror fro*.
# -
hf? po
Ct VVi
/n
tk;?re
still
C* a,
rv
eh t:
be 0
^ne
to
;vor».v
t!i£
A*
j
* L ' .♦
to
secure
futur
T*
Ii.lv/
k<‘ • i
‘rfl !
c; Is a
Lhi
nr o.i fc: block pc^v-ie to re-
c op ’euro the l r his ,; ;o :*y - a *: i v; i 1 h
i * i heir truo lor? i 1 1 ty - f r o;n t b e
vhi
*
e slave u
over
^ 9
TTjUV
Oarers
• .1
* 4j%*
exploiter
s " :»o
Ci s
,vc
kept i
^ t
*. i V
us or a 3
T T r t • J
^ ^ » •
c*d
it
and us
% 4»
V
0 keep us
in l\
el
and
r*y
leal bond
a.ge .
cond, the
iv
C-.
need for
31 auk
pe
opl
3 tO
l;no
v:
their pa
ot sc
K/ A 4
at
mis- .
1.
e and mi?
eonoe
pti
ons
as to
he native of the Hie my -the white
F.'V.i-can t :e reduce to a minimum.
For example, a kncwledge of the
atrocities ana barbarities of
slavery and the slave trsie . and
of the 3 j 000 lynch ir*gs of Brack
m*r, women and children since the
lc£o*s v;ould have hipped the bro-
thers and sisters jn the non-
violent movement to Che futility
of appealing to whi toy’s 11 con-
science 11 or to v;hit 3 folks of
"good will. 1 * Slavery was ended
by a long and bloody civil war,
not by sit-ins or picket lines.
Freedom comes from the barrel of
a gun. Third , -the more and energy
r pent’ on seeking out and mastering
E?.ack history the less tis.e spent
in learning whiteys lies or in
staring at that idiot box or boob
tube that is television. Fou rth ,
Black history can help insYill
Uieck people with the recessary
spiritual and psychological str-
ength so that we can function
purposefully with dignity and
courage without having to rely
on whitey’s: religion, liquor,
arj-s or women!
UTIURU!
(Kr eedom}
KARA KEBE l
(Let’s all to-
gether)
NTvROES SVJEST, DOCILE, l-ZEK,
U“.?ri*.r 7? f. t?r\ r'r^:r\
rviiw
bev:are the day they change
THEIR K1H.0S .
u T.t?
?a? ZJ.'cv:?.. . . .J?vr;i It rto Jii.
SC
Ho;-
Ha;
/ -ivvu i .
1 Drown .
.'■"vH'.u'U j i. ]>'jv:u]
M'urn it Dov/ii ! 1
This liTVlo chant recently
gaining popularity among B3ac!;
youth in cucn cities as Newark
and Detroit \c only t:no indi-
cation of the tremendous im-
pact that Brown has made
on Black America and the nation
at large since his nine cion
in May as national chairman of
the Student th/rt -Violent Coo-
rdinating committee (S.K.C.C.)
Not .a- fluid and sophisticated
speaker like his predecessor
Stokely Carmichael, Hap Brown
has developed his own tell-
it-like-i* -is style that has
stirred the hearts and blood
of the Blaoi: disposseded and
caused f^ar and apprehension
among whi to American and Uncle
Toms as no B.rak spokesman has
since the late Brother Malcolm.
A few examples of Brown’s oratory:
•
' 11 Violence is necessary,
it is as American as cherry
pie."
• If you (white America)
play Nazis with us, we ain’t
gonna play Jews."
H Th£ Hunky got respect fer
but one thing, a gun."
w If America don’t come
’round, you should burn
America down! 11 . -
Born Hubert Ceroid Brown
in Baton Rouge, Louisiana on
October 19**3* Bap Brov;n
received all of his formal
education in Eaton Rouge, in-
cluding three years at southern
University as a sociology major.
Ulysses S. Jones Dean of men at
Southern, has testified to Rap
Frown ; s good academic record and
to his exemplary conduct as a
student.
.In 1963 * Rap Brown left
Southern to go to work for
S.N.C.C. in Mississippi. He
later became project director
for the state of Alabama, the
post he held prior to his ele-
ction to the national chair-
manship. Rap Brown got his
nickname during his early years
as a civil rights worker when
bin uncompromising stands evoked
responses of "Rap it to 'em baby^ t:
Kis career since May, 19^7* in-
cluding a number of indictments
Tam
* vi
»>n /->/3 r~£>A 1 -it < n a ^ f ^ r, t
a A J vu;
*‘*V< 4 -
nhc
A A v ^
advocating treason, etc. can be
follov:cd, in a distorted fashion,
in the nation’s news media.
Despite the tremendous pressures.
Rap Brown has yet to tomrver or
retract bin adherence to the
f »
■ 4
L, i 1 , r *i |
ary.
uy any uceess -
Hero
to Black youth,
scourge
to
America and Unci
c Toms,.
Cfiri’,.' f.u' ' O ’ J
a, dedicated, H.
Rap
l 4 ■* t '•>
a rv.n that Black
people
Clu»:..‘v. iiC
rf .
T‘d". . BOOT'S
of'Tcke" black
r r- :
f i
1;t !
Jf one were to ferret out
the roots of Black bourgeoisie
ia the United. States, one would
h£-T; to study the vr.rioi and
sporadic efforts of th* Negroes
who were free before the Civil
Var, to acquire wealth. However,
It was not until after the
Emancipation Proclamation that
tha spirit of business enter-
prises to root in the Negro
elite . This war dus to ^heir
association with the iV'cccIrocn 1 s
Bank, which was established
to encourage thrift among the
newly freed slaves. Although
tills premature business ven-
ture failed shortly after its
start, those Negro elites in-
volved maintained their business
experience, and some of the
capitol (bread) acquired during
■ their reign. Because the Negroes
who v:ere free, had years of
"Freedmen 's tf experience over
the newly freed slaves v . They
quite naturally took over Black
leadership. These Negro elites
or “house Niggers,” began open-
ing shops and small businesses
for their newly freed Black
brothers. A small number of
Negro elites went on more ex-
tensive business ventures. Their
ventures v;ere found mo 3 ily in
the field of banking. This was
due to~ the experience given
these Negro elites. Negro elites.
In all areas of community life,
education, religion, and fra-
ternal organizations began to
organize their own banks in a
number of cities of the South.
1.. Efforts of the free Negroes
to acquire v;ealth.
Before th-j civil war, the
ownership of land or reel estate
was the main avenue opened to the
free Negro. V/ho was trying to
acquire wealth during the latter
years of the eighteenth century,
following the* American Revolution.
■ Free Narrows be ^nn fn annul
U " - — — ^ ^ w V V
land in New York and Pennsylvania.
~Sot:e of the free Negroes who mi-
t grated from the South acquired
land in Southern Chic during the
tec nun cun xu tircuu
of the upp rYouth which were
dominated tjflhe plantation
system pohic T ree Negroes were
able to acquire land despite,
the general opposition of their
presence. As the plantation
system of agriculture became
unprofitable in the tide water
section in Maryland because of
the exhaustion of the soil, the
plantations were broken up into
small farms and some of the
growing numbers of free Negroes
were ah la to buy small farms.
Some free Negroes were able
to buy small farms in the poorer
section of this area. The plan-
tation system was also dying
out in tidewater section of
Virginia. Free Negroes in this
area also bought up land. These
farms were about twenty- five
acres or less, it may be assured
that these farms were used for
subsistence rather that for com-
mercial enterprises. In North
Carolina where the plantation
system was never as harsh as
in the states farther South
free Negroes were able to ac-
quire land, 'In Louisiana where
there was a multitude of mu-
lattoes who were free, there .
prevailed a free Negro com-
munity of fantastic wealth. .
These free Negroes own plan-
tations which range from 40,000
to 200,000 dallars, and these
plantations had from 40 to 100
Black slaves. This was indeed
the beginning of the Black
bourgeoisie in the United States
This article to be con-
tinued in our next issue.
GET ON THE ROAD
A letter received from a Black
brother who is on the road to
equality.
Dear Brothers,
Evanston is a hate crazed
community. Like so many ether
cities in the United States.
Growing up here v.'as a hell of
an experience. I’ve walked
through fire and didn’t get
burned. . Right, I didn’t get
burned physically, but mentally
I was scorched to ashes. * I had
respect and adoration for the
white man. I must have been
nuts." I was nuts while living
through thakt nightmare. I was
the cast of most Nes roes « I
e> < f n<r\u f oM f ft f.
TtaO .Ltt’U.WV VI XklU VV.U vv * v w J-V- V w
the white man.
But, some Black brothers
woke me up and I Joined the
BLACK RRVOJ UTICN' . I now think
black because 1 knew £? aeJ-t is
is^s&^s^es&sssi
r-«*
Jr ''77—
* •. . f -
j!i <. ■ ju 1 .- j i
• ‘f 1
ii*^i
Mr:'
t»* <
Hgfc
I hope: t> incciv } jm ^ t all ny
. other mack Krolfc * and Sisters
viakc up before it's too late.
Walk proudly down the road of
equality. There is no rood to •
equality unless you think BLACK,
LLACX, BLACK, BLACK. . *
l'-O ig J ^ * *’* 4 * i f J
they t'C’l nrlblo?
1
if* •■'
iv . ;
• f i
* -*
CG-
G >1 Thank you.
T)»>r\ 4 - U.o r*p frw
^ l u ui;ci u i u ’ l
: unchaininr; n:e.
. LEON
Half black man, half honky.
His appearance is that of a
black man.
His habits are those of a
honky. He afraid of the great
white father.
w via V 1 <a- ^ V« * ^ WA V, J
r 1 1 f a n
V V MWU
probably kill his black brothers*
But, ho’ll take all the hard-
ships in the world to please his
lovabl e honkles.
• Leon” is our enemy, and lik£
ail enemies he must be purged,-'
1*11 have more vivid infor-
mation on this po.^r black brother
in next week's article.
Don't be slack- --we must think
BLACK*
* r »
i ^
•removed ,
* 9
EDITORIAL ’
THE POWER OF BLACKNESS
What is the power of Black-
ness? It is the ability of a
whole black community to re-
spond to the white power
structure, no -matter how In-
significant the oppressors
ect ©f adulterated hate might
be. It is the ability of a
hi ar'l/ r> rMT.r-.i 4 f-ir 4 - a ♦■Wtt-vL* -
vviiii.iwn* vj Lilltin.
from a^common base, in other
words, to .think Black. It is •
the ability of a whole black
community to £ave racial pride,
and not to be' afriad of being
hi » At:- *nd not to imitate the
white man, for all of us should
realize that the white races
standards ere net to be desired*
So why oopy* them?
W&afc is the whole flack
community? It is Just thb •
whole Black population; the
poor and the rich,_ the weak
and the strong, all of us work-
f *■ ifTO f» C Anw *.» A ^ 4 M ♦* A 4 n « A
vi.wi 11VII1 IfiVIlill \*W AUIJJi UVC
cur economical, political, and
social pcvfrrs. Vhe time has
coT.e that v:e must exerc5.se real
power. Ko longer should we ex-
In the ^ ^cn^cr'^'7:
basic huntui rights and
looked upon \<ith gx'cat admirjkilon
by many; but what materially
have we gotten from these So
called’ gaines? :
- ' i
It is time that the Negro
of Evanston stop separating
f fmr r. ^ he* hiMn chnAAmR
V 4. +■ + VI*
■ V ll«V J.I I W V* w w *
of Black life. Things in.
Evanston aren't so good that
v:e should become pacified be-
caused the white man tells us
that our standard of living >
i here is better th 3 n Black people
'who live on the West Side of C>
Chicago. The question should^
be, do we enjoy the same 6tanr
dard of living that the white
man enlovs? 1
V V - -
A
What percentage of Negroes, •
if any, can move anywhere they
• want to in Evanston? It Is
a known fact that we pay more
i.for rent in our neighboi’hoo;}
than in a comparable white ’’
neighborhood. In otherwords j
we are contained in a ghetto
.end are exploited by White
as well* as "ambitious "Negroes .
V *
> - !
The school system of Evanston
is finally intergrated and every
Negro family thanksthe white '
man. Why hasn't it been inter-
m* M A a ,1 1 . a O ws y\ M A , I O
fci’avc u uciurc tivw t
t? . » A 4 *1
XI ft
the school system things aren’t
as rosy as they may seem. The
Jump from grade school to high *
school sets the future for the
Black youth. It Is during this
critical stage of life that
our black youths are that down; i
for they are given basic
classes where as oomparable ’
white youth are given regular
rtl oee < f f-VkO <e/*hrirx1 cwq t'.PITi
V v W S*4i\4 AA V«IV W V 4 J V W v
is pressed enough he may even ■
get honor classes. While the
black youth chances of going
to college or even finishing
high school because his moti-
vation is stifled, the white
youth advances.
The Black Youth is also de-
prived of his true heritage.
The White man sets up his stan-
dards and rituals all other
cultures. By doing this he .
forces the Black Youth to
accept w’nite racism, and bring
about division and disorder
tV»A A Pnrt_ <*®n t'Vl ^ i** Vk •
umviix^ viiv «■**. a w * v-^»* j
is one of his main goals.* How
many black people know anything
about their true herl tag-zr? VJhat
is the power of Blackner-s?
V r V ’ -h iv’v. i.r fr
; - f : ?; >rr ;• ■* • • r v ; i r ? w i f ■
■* '.f* *■ •* ■* V.. i t X~^r ^ t L
1
\
w
*
* *'
uni: 7 Vivj white: rSf 1 -' Is ready
to f.Jvo or; human 4 .0 but create
the condi ti
necessary .
c i tU
vhj.cn troxe
. 1
r> c;
it
C G * 2 r : ~ / r, f> 4 o
Mi f ILj/KkLTAKDIiiG AMD MI'S'J BUST
For more than a decade in
■*-V • _ „ *V * . - J ^ /. 1. - w - ^
t-vens con u: l;hi.l: ; cn> :
people
r> 1 r\
iD U . M
IOC
,j uo
f ^
a of
tr. lo’u.yerstand-
rue *;
1 3 t n Black
vari
cus reasons,
il u d r 1
^
1 » ’fa- t» k
1;: 1 y L fc k V*/ ^ y 1 1
cannot seem to communicate with
each other. We of the Afro-
American League say to you, the
time has come to learn why this
is so.
Some of our people say
that the only reason that we
have these problems is that
v .,_.e has been a high con-
centration of Southern Blacks
and that they canno t communicate
with them. We, of Course, term
this silly. Others say that
c$?ack people are never going ‘
to learn how to trust each other.
* r _
V: *J
j ’ # _ * . im. _ i. J o
minx: tnat 11
X J U* -O
uu hi u:.
\ h'- "''•o’rps check the situation,
that they will see that they
r\.
not talking about: foreign
Kn!’ tho V
k' u o vi:
f' 7“
\_ - j-
t- •- '* \ ? > 1
■ u - 'O
t - . ^ ’-.1 r~»
F - ^ ^ J
a 'south Black Americans , With
the same habits., same goads ,
care motivations, and the sane
h^dy-ups, and that hang-vp is
that- they are BLACK, and whe-
ther they want to be BLACK or
not. this is what they are, and
will be for the rest of' their
J Ives ,
tur main goals is to
' ,4 ~' nrr.'H,? OU1*
we
League,
time v:e
of ' * ho
*-W' '■ *
b»J< ) U
' A
on j
> 1.1 ro-;.:i; ji’iL an
hat at this
answer some of too
rumors th'* t neve been cir-
culated m Evans ton about our
goal:*- and whs r v.c plan to Co in
the areas of freedom and. eq-
uality for the Black people,
Vie, intend for all BLACK
PE ??LE to be made aware cf the
problem that exist in Evanston
concerning them.
Vie, seek to unite PLA-3K 13
PEOPLE of Evanston, Illinois.
For it is the purpose cf some
whites to divide and conquer
them.
Vie, intend to make the
BLACK. FELPLE of Evanston strong
In the political areas. To
ask every man and vioman to
register for voting pur-
poses, regardless of his or her
political party.
t.fo
M ^
•{ n f o n rl
-L. i i UU l i wl
?• m
■? rr> r> 1 7 ru
Ainyi v * ^
Vion <? —
A * ■ »- ; *->
ing conditions for BLACK PEOPLE.
To try and get a ceiling put
on the high rent being paid by
BLACK ?ES?7,E.
We, intend to improve re-
lations between the Evanston
Police Department and BLACK
PEOPLE, so a l a racial sit-
uation dees not arise.
V/e, iii tend to make ELACK
PEOFLK pro :d of th.e fact that
thev AT**- JL.Vdl.
Zf our thoughts be wrong,
•i* w ^ ^ . h f v ^ , 1 ^ a ^ — \ n ,
'-'’^.4 Lfl'U UCAU UUL J Utt JUJ.C IV i'
U'
? *
i :
! ?
H
r
r.
1
J
%
M
iW
J
I
School Organizing..
Community Organizing
Nev.s pc par Work
Psscj rch Work
Office 'Work ~
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SNCC LITERATURE LIST
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Please put my name on the SNCC mailing list.
ME
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I would like the following:
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♦ •<;
O Soul Talkin' S M CC Newsletter -
Posters — —— — — — ■ —
Ci S t ok sly o Rap O Malcolm
Reprints :
7^ SNCC at the U.N. — ~
1-1 "whet We ’’'ant" by Stoke ly ‘
1 rnfl Pr cisn" “ — — — — ■
n stoke ly a.t OIf.S — —
ct "institution end power" by -
. Robert Mrown
$3.00 yearly
$ 1.00
Cj Muhammad nli
$2.00 package
- ..50-
- .50 ./
— .50
- .50
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3
i'J
v '‘ T/HY A BLACK CONGRESS?
Honkcy reaction to Black ctudent protest has clearly pointed to
the disuntiy of Black students groups across the country. Massacres
(such as in Orangeburg, S. C . ) have become the ord-.r of the day for the
racist buffoons who are fight i g to maintain their systems of colonial
ism and imperialism. MASS GENOCIDE HnS uL READY
GEO UN!
BLACK YOUTH must begin to orhanize to defend Black people against
the white dogs who seek to exterminate us. ’.VE must re-define and
re-capture our dignity and destiny.
« • * ■ •
BLACK STUDENTS,"- both- K^C-H -.SCHOOL". and COLLEGE, have always been
at the core of - the ' 's triggle for survival in this country. As a new
summer approaches, again, Black youth must do the same. ;
k CALL IS OUT FOR THE CREATION OP A
need has been clearly defined:
BLACK YOUTH CONG/ESS.
The
1) There is a lack of communica tioms among the different black
groups cn the camou ses around the country. TAnen a rebellion
oc’cTTrs, no one knows anything about it until the honkey puts it
in his news media. • .
2) There is a need to redefine the educ ational process so that
alT~of this irrelevant" bullshit that they throw in". school courses
will be thrown right ; back and replaced with something that makes
sense. BLACK HISTORY MUST BE TAUC-HT TO ALL BLACK • STUDENTS, BY
BL..CK TEi.CHERS . ... . ■
* « - - *» - »
3) High schoo s l escapes (drop outs-) wil l have an organization
v;hich they can identify with, and that meets their needs. Y
4 ) Local student organizations, instead
problems alone, will have a UNITED FRONT
of addressing the-ir .A"
OF STUDENTS behind them.
JOIN and SUPPORT 'THE AFRO CLUB IN YOUR SCHOOL. KELP BUILD A BLACK
STUDENT CONGRESS. FILL OUT THE BLANK ON THE BACK PAGE.
•• STUDENT NON-VIOLENT COORDINATING CO
• 306 E. 43rd ST. " "
■ CHICkGO, ILLINOIS 60653
.4 4
V
V V * sj
fH-fERihoubnr To -Tht
OfWnGEriilF.G riinSSRLHE
I- f V
The honkics v/ho murdered four, Black, unarmed students of
South Carolina State, and wounded fifty more, are merely playing
their roles as IMPERIALISTIC, RACIST DOGS -/TO SHOOT UNARMED
TEENAGERS IN THEIR BACKS.
\
VIhilo the massacre at Orangeburg is tragic, Black people mus 1
recover from our grief to learn the lesson that the racist, honkh-
arc teaching. There is no alternative for Black people but to
arm ourselves, shoot with perfection and defend our own*
1 *
All over the- country, these dogs arc implementing plans to
destroy the Black community in mass. 'Sheriff Aoods, that honkey
with the toy gun, made by Ma toll, has called for 1,000 vigilantic
to shoot dov;n w you and mo'. ROFKISS HAVE G,.S, TaNKS' HELICOPTERS,
AND SOPHISTICATED C-UNS TO GET RID OF US. THEY TILL NOT SUCCEED
because they are a race of cowards and the soirit of the Vi etna m-"-
prevails in Black people*
LET US ARM OURSELVES TT DECLARE EAR OH THE LOCAL HONK IE S
3 TORE IT'S TOO LaTE, LAT'S FIGHT AID PREPARE TO SURVIVE.
...» /—•
— co d —
*
WHAT ALL BLACK PEOPLE MUST DO NOV/i 1 1
1. MONEY 1$ DESPERATELY NEEDED FOR 0NDS ON CLEV SELLERS AND ’ T K’
STUDENTS V/HOSE LIVES ARE IN DANGER IN ORANC-EBURC- JaIL. CLEV's be:
is set at $50,000 .cash. SEND TO:
^ ^ ♦ • >*-. O ^ T 1 ^ t ^ ^ ^ T 7^ * i ^
OICVW J- -USA" £> f UIIU
360 Nelson St- S.V7.
Atlanta, Georgia
)
i v
c/o SMCC
506 B. 43rd
Chgo.,111. 60653
SUED LETTERS OF SUPPORT TO: S.C. STaTE STUD "NT BODY
o/o BACC (BLaCK ACTION COORD.
. O r% i •» f* Vi ^ nn Cf n ^a1
*. \JW.AWix.lkl kj w ^ Ul W> w V — X V Q
Orangeburg, South Carolina
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C'G- 1 G C . - 4 0 ? '---?
CITIES
DATE
DEAD
INJURED
ARRESTED
Dn'h.C-E
Omaha, Neb
Aor 1,2
0
2
21
' NFA*
Nashville,. Term
r 1 t~\
,ior o-xu
u
'i rv
IV
4 ^
t)U
NF-»*
Cleveland, 0
Apr 10-20
0
4
10
NFA
Massillon, 0
Apr 17
0
1
6
NFA
Baton Rouge, La
Apr 30
0
NFA
7
NFA
Rochester, 11. y.
May2, Jul 24
! 1
' 2
7
NFA
Jackson, Miss
May 10-11
1
2
. NFA
NFA
Houston, Tex
May 16-17
1
23
489
NFA
C h i c eg o , 111
May 21, 30
0
10
135
NFi.
Jul 7,30
Valle jo, Calif
May 22
0
• 2
0
NFA
Boston, Mass
Jun 2-5
0
100
159
$1,000,00'
Ti v> *~ t A A ■» ; r * 1 1 <. "1 n
a i~* Vs W j. i U ^ 1-0
Jun 11-12
0
4
10
NFA
Philadelphia, pa
Jur. 11, Jul
0
NFi. *
45
NFA
•
26-27
Tare pa , pie
Jun 11-13
2, ,
18
80
$2,000,00!
Cincinnati, 0
Jun 12-16
1
20
384
$3,000,00'
•
Jul 3-5
Tf 0 m
Dc. v ton. 0
V 1»
Jun 14-16
0
3
10
ft! .oor
J —
.Lansing, Mich
Jun 15
0
3
2
NFA
Atlanta, rja
Jun 19-20
1
12
10
NFA '
% y
Jul 3
-
Cemoridge, Md
Jun 26-28
0
1
2
NFA
Jul 27
Buffalo, N.Y.
Jun 27-29
0
100
240
$250,000
La k v Geneva, V.'i s
Jul 1-3
0
10
109
NFA
Des Moines, la
Jul 2, 16
0
2
23
NFA
tf r. ir» o n n ■? 4" t r Tl If
LU*IlOc 0» tV f f'iU
Ti , i n
(jui zr
r\
U
L
11
% w m ■
riti.
V.'a-terloc, la
Jul 10
0
5
5
NFA
Erie, Pa <■
Jul. 12-13
0
3
17
$150,000
to
0
Jul 19
*
Hartford, Conn
Jul 12-13
0
11
20
' NFA
Newark, N„ J.
Jul 12-18
26
• 1,200
1,600.
$15,000,00
Plainfield, N.J.
Jul 14-16
1
50
75
' NFA
Cairo, 111
Jul 16-18
1
-• ' NFA
NFA
NFA
Fresno, Cel if
Jul 17
0
1
NFA
NFA • •
Greens bore, w.C.
jul la
0 .
1
10
NFA
fTv u r t* V _ V t
Jul 19
0
NFA
16
NFA
Minneapolis, Minn
Jul 20-22
0 .
10
43
$i/ r
Youngstown, 0
Jul 29-22
1
3
7
VP
Englewood,' N. J.
Jul 21-22
0
; 11
13
r .
East Harlem, -N.Y.
Jul 21-24
3
14
NFA
%
Birmingham,- Ala
Jul 23
0
12
70
Detroit, Mich
Jul 23-30
41
2,000 '
• 5,000
TO B5 COb'TX^uED
.
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.STUDENT K r ** , '%i'3-!T COONUJMhTJ.NG COWriTr.*
3 i»oJ.wi0n <v L^t»^<^v4
. , Atlanta, ‘Georgia 30313* . # *
A LETTER Ml PRISON
TO MY
■' BLACK BROT HERS AN D STbTSRS - .. . : {%■?
1 V r
J EV->V%r»n a r T / ? 9 *\ QAPi
A ^ lb / X WUA ^ . «4 ^b/ w
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- 1
Being a nan is the continuing battle of one's life, one loses a bit of manhood
'■ " ■ 1 ' " I ’ •■•.•■.; ' • • .•: ..... ; -r . • *•■•’:. -
• with every stale compromise to the authority of any power in which one 'does not
believe. No slave sho
uld dio a natural death. There is a point whore caution ends
i l ^ ^ o«. -J * ^ ^4
ana cowaraice Degins, ; &very cay jl an xn prison x vxxx rexuse ooon xoou tuiu wat ej.-#
1 1 1
My hunger, is for the liberation of my people; my -.thirst is for the ending of
|: i I' ! ! •• * j. • ’ •• ;. •. -
oppression, 1 a a political prisoner, jailed for my beliefs that black people
Mill! i - - .
must be free. The government has taken a position true to it's fascist nature,
1 h'-ro vho they cannot convert. ',vk?/ must silence. This government has become the
■ ■ .*!■'!' ' * *
or.- cf mankind,
ks
I: :
Death can no longer alter our path to freedom. For our people, death has been
j; | i |- j
the only known exit from; slavery and oppression. Me must open others. Our will to
‘ ‘ i
live must no longer supersede our ill to fight, for our fitting will determine
j ! | i | (I !
if our race shall live.
I
= --j
To desire' freedom is not enough, k'e must move from resistance to aggression.
i i
from revolt to revolution. For every black death, there must be ten dead racist
l ' i
; f I j :
cops. For every Max Stanford and Kucy Newton, there must be ten batroits. And for
;:rv Orangeburg* ' there Tnust be a Dien Bien Phu.
!• i '
Brothers and sisters, and all oppressed people, we must prepare ourselves botu
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mentally and physically, for the major confrontation is yet to come. We must figM
: - I : ! i i
It is the people ’.ho in the final analysis make and determine history, not leaders
! i
or svstems. The laws to govern us must be made by us.
.4 '<
;;<V the deaths * of 65 signal the beginning of the end of this country. I do
j> : .- -'I | ■'! ! .
what I must out of the love for my people. My will is td fight; resistance is not
; II Ml ■ i • : ■ • •• ' ■
cuourju Aggrcsidor' fho order of the day.
i »
* -0
NOTE TO AM RUIC A I
V * /,'*•
m
AMERICA* If it takes my death to organize my people to revolt against you
and to organize your jails to revolt against you, and to organize your troops
: i
to revolt against you. and to. organize your children, your god, your poor,
< . ' • | | • ■ » - « . . * . > ..»-••• . . *
your country, and to organize mankind to rejoice In your destruction and ruin,
4 . .. •• • I .. *..••••, S .; - . V ' ■' - '
■* T ' • i * ' * •
then hero is my life*; # • * „
BUT MY sail! BELONGS TO iff PEOPLE l ^ ; ; ' / * : -
** '* •* u •*“ ‘i i . v r . •/ *v vi V ;:/ * : o *; .iv l.-'* .v: v
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LAS Xtffl TUSdJnTG MBIJ.ASHAKA ‘ ■ ■' •’
• 4 .1! • | | • ; • WE ShrlLL COlKiU^R V/ITHO'JT A DOUBT i
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Monday, February *
Studont D.cadors j... ....... South Carolina Stale Cello go mrpted to desegregate tho al
vliite bowling alley ounce’ by Kany F. Ford. Ino operator* of the bowling establish
Mont, tho All-Star Bowling Alloy, refused to admit the black students*
jjlwjrdrj’.u Fcbruai y 6
Students again attempted to desegregate the bowling alley and wore again turned a-.
Twenty students wore arrested. Later, after word had been circulated on campus, oO
students fron tho college went dovm to tho shopping center whore tho bowling alley
located, demanding that those arrested 'bo release 1, Approximately 1 50 law enforc
officials v;ere on tho scene and $omo of them, attempting to disperse the crowd, bey
to beat tho students. Several girls were clubbed to the ground. 20 persons we.ro
jo.red and were treated at tho college infirmary. One unit of the National Guard v
called in and additional units v;ero placed on standby alert,
!.
Wed no sd ay, _ Ftbrua 7 \
Students not all day and all. night, discussing tho violence and police brutality d
ted toward them tho previous night, and also protesting tho failure of the South C
rold.ua State Legislature to approve tho budget or to illocated funds for tho coll'
although funds had been appropriated for the all-white University of South Carol! u
1
Thursday, February 8 !
Vfnitos drove through carpus, shooting at students and into buildings, A campus gi-
ves shat and wounded. Student leaders, who had. submitted a list of sovon griev au-
to tho Orangeburg City Council, staged a "prayer-in” during the early evening and
ter hold a mooting in a ball park near the campus. Students, continuing protest d
laonstrations, lit a bonfire on campus, National Guardsmen, claiming that they we:
fired upon, charged into the crov.d of students, firing' at random. The students, c
ing cover, fell to the ground. The Guardsmen continuted firing. Practically all
dents shot were laying on the ground, face dovm, and were shot in tho back.
f
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V
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The afte rmath : .
30 students in jail \
10 in the ho spital \
3 dead San Hannon (18, killed outright in~a. blast of gunfire)
Delano Middleton (17, an Orangeburg High School student who di ed a n.1
after being wounded)
Henry Smith (18, classmate of Hannon who died early today, who was s’
and then beaten almost to death)
fTJCC staff memberj- -Cleveland Sellers, is in a South Carolina penitentiary on $50» (
bond, charged with inciting to riot, arson, assault with intent to kill and danag
property.
Students shot had to travel to nearby towns for medical attention after being ref
treatment at the i-ocal Orangeburg hospital,
! . /
Fridg y , Februar y 9
Cov, McNair declared a state of emergency and called for a 5s00 P#M» curfew. Pot
Chwl’i Carolina State and Claflin Colleges, which adjoin, have been closed inde.fi n
Students had to pay their ovn way home. They either had to gat out of town by 5
or stay on campus.
*■
< '
*
In 19c0, SMCC’s second chnirman. Chuck McDcw, led major student demonstrations it;
Orangeburg dealing vrith public accommodations. That winter all student demons trm
vrare herded into a compound outside tiie city jail and hosed.
This winter, thoy were massacred.
/ * ■ -
49
* 1
4 0 3 4 21
VSNCC
360 We Is on Street MVJ
Atlanta, Georgia 30313
_ .... . n i a t r\ v * a *. i tar^T nnrn r?v LiA\;t'Trc
£>iN L.O tHAI Ki'l/U i tl:.' i; i rivjihK j. i.o
II, "Pan" Brown, Chairman o£ SNCC is refusing to eat to pro
his illegal arrest and detention by the federal government thro
its agent in the State of California. Mr. Brown was arrested c
the alleged charge that he had violated the travel ban that had
been imposed upon him by federal courts in Louisiana and Virgin
This unconstitutional travel ban provided however, that Mr. Brc
was free to tral for consulting with his attorney which was
exactly what Mr. Brown did this past weekend when he wnt to
California to consult ivitii Attorney killian Kuntsler who is pro
a brief to subm.it to the Supreme Court on Feb. 26th appealing t
L l c*. V U ±
u Ti Ti 4
Once more wc see an example of honkie justice violating th
rights of a black person in America. But we all know about hon
iustice. particularly when it is applied to SNCC and other blac
. ^ S A 9 4 A
militant organizations.
Having been held in maximum security in the Parish Prison,
Mew Orleans, Louisiana, Mr, Brown is non 1 being transported to
Richmond Va . for a hearing there tomorrow, Friday, Feb. 23rd. :
in New Orleans, fap was charged with violating the travel ban a*
well as intimidating an FBI agent. Mow any black person knows
if the FBI will not be intimidated by the American people into
it qmta i * t i n 1 1 n i rl P t fi f i h
4* v 1 1 +■ n T n
L no t i u ut tk w w v* w u iin
P
* *
V rvn A \r
VUJik/ v.y y
man, even ■ if that nan is H. P.ap Brown,
• ‘ What v.’ent down is simple: r ap was followed to California
black FBI agent who returned to 'Hew Orleans to testify against
During a court recess, Pap went over to the black agent and cor
called him 'by his earned name, "TOM". Mr Brown continued to ex
the hope that the agent's children grew up to be a better man t
he was t The agent of the Federal Government wanted to take Rap
out back but realizing that lie would come up on the loosing end
action that went down, he broke track records getting to the wh
judge. He tmld the judge that Rap had threatened his life and
children's lives. The result was that Rap lias been bound over t
th e grand jurv for the charge of threatening an FBI man and bon
has been set at $50,000. This, plus the $50,000 bond imposed f
the alleged travel ban violation brings the total ransom to $ ] 0
At the same tine that this was oc curing, the State of Loui
issued a warrant for the arrest of SNCC * s Cleveland Sellers, no
the South Carolina State jail under a $20,000 bond following hi
(.over)
5 0
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1
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9
' "" " Federal Government,
: i -> /.Ttraditcd to stand trial
arrest dur' '"“'the Orangeburg f Less acre *■ ■ /r ^ 1
acting thro - 0 ..‘ Louisiana, v:nnts Scllc
a, charge] c* -carrying concealed weapons, something they - cl a in. Mr j :
Sellers did when ire v;as in the state tv/o years ago. ‘It is
interesting to note that the State of Louisiana drooned this cha:
so that charges could be pressed against Sellers lor refusing to
inducted into the Military. Nov: they are charging him with an oi
on which they refused to charge him IS months ago. It should ap-
pointed out that both ’grown and Sellers are being threatened with
jail sentences on charges concerning weapons, challenging black
people’s human right to avail themselves of some means of self- do
This is in direct contradiction to the training being given to
white citizens by the police in such' cities as Kansas City, Misso
and Deareborne, Michigan in the use of guns,
h T e : are' calling unon all organizations that are concerned wit
....... . .
bringing about fundamental' 'social change in this country to send
telegrams . o the Justice Dept, in Washington protesting the jaili
H. Rap brown and Cleveland Sellers. While v;e are not under any 5
that these telegrams are ever read, they at least serve notice on
’’Man” that wc are watching his every move, and if the telegrams d
make him reconisder his action against Chariman Brown, and SNCC i
Secretary Sellers, there are other ways
of getting the message
T " ^
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^ ~ t ~ ~ v. : „ _ j '\r~
LJIC UlULilUib cilia blbuaib Aii tut: jaL;i!:IUUU, Vet
T")
r. c. y
ct 1 v a ,
have a hearing on this Friday, Feb. 23, 196S at 1:00 P.1I, at the ^
Office Bldg. This hearing will be on the charge that he violated
travel ban imposed upon him by the federal courts in Richmond ait
arrest, during the Cambridge rebellion this past July. Ve. are ca:
upon everyone in that area to go to the hearing. Those that can'
in-stand on the steps; those that can’t stand on the -steps-stand
the street. Let Americans know that H. Rap Brown is not alone a:
that black pe cple are outraged and we will sec justice done or so
will pay some dues. . • . .
m P
' Funds are needed for the H. Rap Brown gail fund and for
Orangeburg Defense Fund, they can be sent to SNCC, 560 Nelson S
SU, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313.'
It is obvious , that the ’’Man” will not be satisfied until he
-. Rap Brown and every black militant in 'this country dead, he must
let this haopen . The atmosphere that is being generated in New
around Pap is one of a lynching and observers there state that t 1
no doubt that Rap's life is in danger. L r e are sure that the atm.r
in Richmond will be no different. Rather than waiting to die Xi'-
an animal' at the hands of his ODoressors, Mr. Brown is refusing
eat, feeling that if he must die, it will be : ' in the - act or re:
to cooperate with and fighting against oppression that continual i
off 'the lives of his people. But it must not be forgotten who i r
blame. If H. Rap Brown's hunger strike leads to his death we v:i.l
• every honkie in America responsible, and blacks will start colic,
all the dues that white America owes . FA? BRGL'N MUST BE SEi FRr.
j
* •* *
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TLrtU
A W. KJ 9
SNCC
i: i o A c
U % A v' V vy
»
■ CIL/.li'u’.'A'i RAP
Si nc ^ Ran has aoour.od tho l^npynsibilitics of Chai.rj/nn of oi/'^C in
,T V;67, hi 5 of office has born one long end continuous ha story of
; cn\or;. 'nt and Sniinri. cation by the - ,; ystr: n of 11 just
\ 4 tw H V,' c r* ai ^ n hv v v •
i.u l.u I-J VWV*»v*-^
•hAIi.'- the U -A * government, has tried to charge Rap one quarter of a million
... _ r his freedom from prison, only to snatch hiu up again and an a in and •
place him bchi.nd bars for 11 telling it like it is" to blac<c people in this do.cn^d
* : t;!; • i - ' * • •■•*./*
sovo; 1
►llar^ 1 fo
t uiuit ly *
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Now in a Rev/ Orleans prison, Rap has loudly proclaimed, "illvLL K 0 ,M .
i » ! . t , . • r . -
* i • * - 1 i '
•-"Being a man ’is the continuing battle of one's life, ono loses a
...bit of manhood. with every stale compromise to the authority of
any power in which one does not believe* no slave Should die s
natural death* There is a point where caution ends and cowardice
begins* Every day I am in prison I will refuse both food and v/atcr*
' : 1 -’i j ' . •■■*... _
ly hunger is for the liberation of ry people; by thirst is for the
ending of oppression* I am a political prisoner, jailed for rny
beliefs that Mack people must be free* The government has taken .
a position true to it's facist nature* Those who they cannot
convert,' they trust silence* This government has become the
enemy ’of mankind* •• 11 (A 'JCTIHR FROd PRISON) —Hap Brown
, v*
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He has been starving nov/ for one week*
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ai^ ijdLip 1'Kix Ubeu. L/U
refused to drink* Kis. stomach has. shriveled from hunger, his mouth is partched
from thirst* ■ he takes no orange juice - he takes no water* Chairman Rap is
; f . * i '
slcv;ly dying*
il
To understand the cental ordeal that the government of the Unite a States
has placed on Rap’vre have prepared this fact sheet ennumerating the fclcfivs Rap
Vvan had to endure at the hands of this government* Read and understand*
i ;
July 19#S -7 Rap is charged vrLth inciting to riot and arson in Cartridge,
i " j Maryland* A nationwide manhunt is ordered by the F-EM- to pick
! fj him. up* In Washington Rap lays mounded froa a hsnky bullet
1 4.u^4- ~y~ A *>*r>A hi a sea Id in Maryland*
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: .hn:; bos Loved upon no in try 23 years her extreme disfavor, she has also
through her inhumanity , racism, oppression and- exploits id. on of both blade
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told that people across tho country have recognized sy ir.] on. sonmunt to bo
If it takes
a sound inr; board v.hich r.ny in no :;.p_ way reveal thpir. ov/n fate*. .If .it
imprisonment or’ even death to expose Apisrica for v/hat it is, then thi
*i r r*'-! * r^i 4 - ■> » * r
-L o |i v y VJL K J O 1/ J- 1 \J
I i
To all those v.'ho favor freedom 1 say than!-; you for your convictions and
■ ~ vour contributions toward that end* .- • *.'•'* ■•' • •
i
To all. the black brothers and sisters across America v.'ho arc caught behind
entry lines, I soy the fight h?.s not yet nature d* £ra yourselves, for
our freedom, is yet to corse* 1 '. - \ .
• . . I | . " ' BUCK FOVinR, " ' " ; *’ ” ‘ ■' . .
' •• ‘ '•■'•■ .. • j. | Rap Brown . s ....
! i , • • ■ • * • ’ ..\' 7 h •
Au£* 22 P 19^7 — Rap } s bail is reduced fro;a y' 25 /OOO “to $1^^000* , ‘ ,• •
- ’’i • r ■ , ( * \ *■ -'_■■■ ■ 7
Sopt* 5> 1?67 Virginia Governor ^oodvriri orders Ra to be returned to Maryland to
e - - j -
Xace riot charges*
» 1
1 3 1 ’ 1967— * Rap returns to Alexandria, Va* to bo present during court
~ ^ ^ . . .1 ■ ». U .* _ fl _ . — < ^ -U' S .* _ ^ V T U v» ^ ^ v* a c? *J
: .*; . pLL'OeeUUlIlg^ cUTJUfiU 111 b UdoodUit' tAuidOU/iUU Obi i-i u- , lit? i
ria officials av d placed in jail* Two different judges
set bail for him* Ra.o's lawyer, V/illiam Kuntsler, appeal
by 'Alexaridi'
-.refused to set bail ior han- Ka.p's lawyer,
to the federal court- in Virginia to set bail*
lo, lp67 — Bond was set at $10,000, and Rap was released on his own
- h ;- recognizance, but in the custody of his lawyer* In granting the
bond, the judge confined rap’s travel solely "to the district
t i- ; in which" his custodian (dr* Runs tier) resides (southern district
‘ 'of Kew York) except when traveling for the purposes of trial, or-
•• . oh:-:.- • —hf.*.. legal hearing or in preparation fnr •*«
^ -* X
$•
QQ ' 1 0 -O 4 0 3 42*
S I - u a e n t
N o n v I ole n t
Coordinating
C o m m i ttee
360 Prison fvii'coi, S.VJ.
MJciU*:;, Goorpis 30313
6G8-033?
.
March Li, 1?66
MARCH 20 DAY OF SUPPORT FOR SHCC CHAIRMAN, H, RAP EROVfN f.nd
THE RUCK LIBERATION STRUGGLE lit' THE UNITED STATES! 11
Dear Brothers and Sisters:
white america has made it 1 s decision public as to how she intends
J _
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n 4-
■< <n c+ r\ nV"n f! y 11 V
V-* ^ OiV.L * — [
xo aeai. >rjixn us Diac^s , twry p'oxjiut: iuruu jlu wio ^
with gases, tanks, specially armed helicopters, shot guns, carbines,
Stoner Rifles (rifles that put a U inch hole through ten men, ten inches
of steel and make powder out of brick Halls) and lord knows what else,
in order to treat us the way white america always treats her enemies
SHE MURDERS THEM 111
The most recent example of white america’s plan for Black People is
seen in the Orangeburg Massacre and the jailing of Rap Brown. The blood;
murders in Orangeburg, South Carolina and the jailing of Rap show cle?.^].
that this country has adopted a declaration of war against the Blac.<
Community, we in turn are asking that you demonstrate support for Rap
and the Black struggle on MARCH 20 by engaging in action that will best
show vnur suonort.
— ~ ~ r i. »
For some, this will mean sending telegrams to the U.S. Attorney
General, R a ms ay Clarke, Washington, D.C., demanding Rap’s release; cr
sending telegrams to Governor McNair in Columbia, bouth Carolina demand:!
that the murderers of our brothers be punished* For some, it may mean
picketing.. a federal installation arid sending money to Sl.’CC to carry on
the Revolution. For others, it may mean taking care of the murderers
ourselves or taking care of a police station, or destroying what is most
dear to white america; It’s material possessions*
So take your pick. The first suggestions for action may be
relevant to you and help you further along towards total involvement in
our struggle— -but you r»u3t understand that the last group of suggestion
for action Is where vte must got
Executive secretary
WE MUST FIGtT!
WE bHALL CONQUER VJITHOUT A DOUBT l
Ralph Featherstone
Program becretary
BLACK PO’.YcR
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Vi-IAT YOU CAM roi ‘
Hold r.r.ssivc r..., as. d raanntr at ions , marches, rioting in support. rf Rap
ri'o’.'.i in cs ruany cities, towns, areas, an possible , Contact all ps/ups and
individuals involved in the Bloc!*: Litiraticn struggle arid ask the.’, to help in
thin massive effort.
At rallies etc., enumerate charges against Rap end. read lette r from pr ison which
Rap has sent to his brothers m d sist ers.. ~~ ~”~™
Engage in any acts of civil (itsobedier.ee which you consider appropriate, acts
that will completely tic up the enemy's syaierv-by any moans necessary 1
a end telegrs.es in ^support of K. Rap Brown, demanding his release to tl.S, A.tty.
General Ramsay Clarke, Washington, D.C.
brnd telegrams protesting the Orangeburg Massacre and demanding that the
murderers be punished to Gov. McUa.tr in Columbia, bouth Caroline.
Please send copies of telegrams tos b!!CC
360 Kelson St, b.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30313
Above all, let's take care of business the seme way that tha man takes care of
business with us in the only' language he will ever understand, Gur tine is
running out fast. Wo must learn a good lesson from our Vietnamese brothers who
are defeating America- -the so-called "most powerful country in the world."
SELF DEFENSE and RETALIATION with GUNS and STRATEGY is the only answer*.
For Orangeburg, for Rap Brown, for Huey Newton, for Max Stanford, for LeP.oi
Jones, for Cleveland boilers, for all of us, the word is MAXIMUM RETALIATION
TO THEM with MINIMUM LOSSES TO USUI
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1 APPENDIX
SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY
CHICAGO BRANCH
In May. 1967, a source advised that it was his
understanding that the currently active Chicago Branch of
the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) was one of the founding
branches of the SWP at a 1938 Chicago Trotskyist Convention,
and it follows the aims and principles of the SWP which
maintains national headquarters in New YorK City.
Members of the Chicago Branch serve as SWP national
functionaries, and per capita membership dues and a sustaining
fund quota are sent by this branch on a monthly basis to SWP
national headquarters.
The SWP has been designated pursuant to Executive
Order 10450.
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CG 100-40342
S i
A PPEND IX
1
SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY (SWP)
CLEVELAND BRANCH
A source on May 17, 1967, reported that the
Cleveland Branch of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) was
organized about 1938 or 1939, and was affiliated with the
National SWP and followed its policies and directives.
A second source on May 17, 1967, advised that the
Cleveland Branch SWP, with approximately 29 members, is
affiliated with the National SWP and is currently active
in Cleveland, Ohio.
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CG 100-40342
*FVFND1X
P 7, 1 D \ x N / -.', HT SOC : 4 >.. 2 51 rORUi , A I
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source advised that the Forum Is a
pAf, r t ► t ■;. a i ’ r, ^ i r r .?< t up by t -•& Cb lC9.eo Branch, Socialist
lf y ; l< rs P,.r vy ’ CQSWj?' , Calc * go , 1 1 1 J r-.ci s? : , for See J 'alls t Workers
Y-' i t •.* a AftT «: r: rihe *; •;* Jfc r is\nm ♦ n 1 r<>.-r firi- f, a 4 *i njs ho 1 H nnHcr*
^ ,V#r W v > * *. ■ J ,*♦- . a 4 ^ ,V Vi ' ,M } , ‘ l •’ | r • p * .. O k / ^ f 4 V’ . i >*/ A * 1 At V A VI 1 A Af \4 T WA
the i r * } .;«•{• o/ thj a Forum err y »' a < e J *o r.he activities that
: r ' SWF is, t :: -vlry it a parti "vlar time, e.g,, unemployment,
r- , •■•ct.icf r. ••►<•.; > ige, C'aba , et:
>
A CCS-vp r, ember j> in charge of * V" F orum and
sene olu ley. Ef: ,c t;r*g- under the name of the Forum in order to
conceal the SWP sponsorship of same. The. meetings of tbe Forum
generally are held at Chicago SWP headema tiers although the
Fc: *.m. ’ r, tv» i- *.*■*■ . J>»* t* 1 d other affairs, such as meetings
/ i ; i. - r w
ard p c i. . c» held at other locations .
The SWP cat b •-••>■ i* designated pu’^uart to Executive
o*' o 0 " j04 50.
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CG 100-40342
APPEND IX
1
FRIDAY NIGHT FORUM
also known as
FRIDAY NIGHT SOCIALIST FORUM
and formerly known as
TWIN CITIES LABOR FORUM
A source advised on May 23, 1967, that the Friday
Night Forum, frequently referred to as the Friday Night
Socialist Forum, is not an organization, but is a name
under which the Twin Cities Branch of the Socialist Workers
Party (TCB-SWP) sponsors public meetings. These meetings
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Forum. These meetings are planned and arranged by SWP
members acting under the direction of TCB-SWP leadership.
Their intended purpose is to dispense Marxist doctrine without
identifying the Socialist Workers Party.
The TCB-SWP is an affiliate of the Socialist
Workers Party .
The Socialist Workers Par tv f'SWD'l has hpon
— — ■ ■ — — w ' ” ^ ^ V ^ ,f A / MV V«4
designated by the Attorney General of the
United States pursuant to Executive Order
10450.
APPENDIX
4 ^\
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CG 100-40342
APPENDIX
STUDENTS UOK A IriSMOCUATIC SOCIETY
i
The Students for a ixntioerai ie Sucif-tv (SOS), « r is j l
i s known lax lay, ciimo in In buisqj at a i’nu ■lciiiur convention
ho Id at Port i him n , Michigan, in June , 101*2. Tlx* SDS is an
assoc i.a I. i on of younij; people on the left and has a cunotil
program of prol.osl.niK tic* draft, promo t i a;;‘ a eatnpaip.n Cor
youth to do vo lop a. nnns^icnlious objector status, denou nei n;;
United States i nterven t lou in the war in Vietnam a; id to
"radical 1 y tra nsform*' the university oommuni Vy , and provide
lor its complete control bv students. CUS nALL, General
Secretary, Communist Party, USA, when i n te r v i owed by a repre-
sentative oi United Press International in San francisco,
California, on May 14, JUGS, described the CDS as a part of
the "responsible left’* which the Parly has M ;.p>inp for us,’’
At the June, 1 U U 5 , SDG National fonven lion , an ant i communl s t
proviso was removed from the SDS consti tulioii . in the
October 7, 19GG, issue of "Now Left Notes,’ 1 the official, puij-
lication of SDS, an SI)S spokesman stated mat there are some*
communists in SD S and they arc welcome. The national head-
quarters of this organization as of April lb, IDu/, was
located in Hooni 20b, 1G08 IVest Madison St reo t , Ch i ea go , I 1 ] j no is
CG 100-40342^
A PPEND IX
1
STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE
Literature distributed by the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) , headquartered at 360-362
Nelson Street. S.W , Atlanta, Georgia, describes itself
as not being a membership organization, but rather an agency
attempting to stimulate and foster the growth of local pro-
test movements. SNCC was born out of the sit-in movement
which erupted across the South beginning on February 1, 1960.
A conference at Raleigh, North Carolina, that Spring, brought
together many of the demonstrating Southern students in a
loose network of militant youth which was officially named
SNCC in October. 1960.
A source has advised that in May, 1966. Stokely
Carmichael was elected National Chairman by the Central Com-
mittee. In May. 1967 Carmichael was replaced as Chairman
by H. Rap Brown, with Carmichael assuming the position of
Recruiter and Organizer for the SNCC. In August. 1967, at
the invitation of Fidel Castro. Carmichael participated in
the Organization of Latin American Solidarity Conference
which was held in Havana, Cuba. Subsequent thereto, Carmichael
traveled to Hanoi and other sections of North Vietnam. He
returned to the United States in December, 1967, at which .
time hxs passport was picked up because of travel to un-
authorized countries
A source advised that when Carmichael was elected
Chairman of SNCC, the organization embarked on a program of
eliminating Caucasians from its ranks. With the election of
H Rap Brown as Chairman in 1967. it embarked on a world-
wide struggle for human rights and to take a firm stand
against violations of these rights by the American Government
and to strengthen its programs of opposition to the draft
and to the United States involvement in Vietnam.
Literature distributed in February. 1968. identi-
fies SNCC as an organization in the revolutionary vanguard.
It advocates that to be successful it is necessary to deve-
lop a revolutionary' ideology and revolutionary program.
On August 13. 1967. while addressing a group in
the Watts area of Los Angeles. California. H Rap Brown said
"You better shape up America, or we'll burn you down." Later
in February, 1968, in a publicized note Brown wrote. "America.
~<f it takes my death to organize my people to revolt against
you and to organize your jails to revolt against you and to
organize your children, your God. your poor, your country,
and to organize mankind to rejoice in your destruction and
ruin, then here's my life."
append: x
DEACONS OF DEFENSE AND JUSTICE, INC, ,
Aka. Deacons frr Defense and Justice, T"*c
The Articles o i Incorporation of the Deacons of
Defense and Justice (DDJ ) as on file with •,)>.■ Secretary of
State for the State of Lou tsi ana . refit ct th.-i*. the Deacons of
Defense and Justice, Inc., ;s a Louisiana corporation domiciled
at Jonesboro, Louisiana. The location, and business office
address of its registered office shall ot Amos Service Station
(rear), Beach Spring Road, Drawer B., Jfwr eboro. Louisiana.
"This corporation is organized for the following
purposes and to carry on. the following pur po*: ??,
"To instruct, train, teach, anti educate Citizens of
the United States and especially mf nor j, tv group-; • in the funda-
mental principles of the republican form of government and our
-«-l a. ^ a. a u i- « *4 ( ^ k » £ "1 -m £ ^ m ♦ M. m « ^ ^ '1 l r _ t b\ (Am C A ^4 k**V ^
U^muci tt l x vj waj ijx ia lc* ; lu xua ixm; t , ; uaiu auu cuutatc
said persons in the provisions of the constitution and laws of
the United States and the State of Louisiana, as well as the
constitution and laws of any other state wherein this corporation
may operate, to instruct, teach, train and educate said persons
in the use, value, and purpose of the ballot and the right to
vote; to instruct, teach, tram and educate said persons as to
the duties and responsibilities of good citizenship relative to
the obligation and duties of the community to the citizen; to
f nr*f Vkor i ntrrnrf i on rh tra i n 2 ni.'l ** Hi i *"'•.* t_ a; :• i n^f snnfi i n the
A V4-4 V ilW A A AA k# ^ A W V W ^ W w V>*a £ v #i *** A Vk ^ v w& •» w w ■— * »v •. r"*' ” ” ’ ^ ™ •“ ^ *"
value of economic security and in the effective use of their
spending power; to inspire ir. said persons & sense of responsi-
bility and to develop leadership. This corporation has for its
further purpose, and is dedicated tc , the defense of the civil
rights, property rights and personal rights of said people and
will defend said rights by any and all honorable and legal means
to the end that Justice may be obtained. This corporation may
establish chapters and conduct its busiivess at any place in this
State and elsewhere as permitted bv law.'
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APPENDIX
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NA y . « ur i SLAM , Formerly referred to
as tho Muslim Cult of Islam, also known
as Muhammad's Temples of Islam
described
of Islam"
in
h is
and
January, 1957
organization
"Muhammad ' s
, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMAD has
on a nationwide basis as the "Nation
Temples of Islam."
On May 5, 1967, a second source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMAD
is the national leader of the Nation of Islam(NOI); Muhammad’s
Temple of Islam No. 2, 5235 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago,
Illinois, is the national headquarters of the NO I , and in mid-1960
MUHAMMAD and other NOI officials, when referring to MUHAMMAD'S
organization on a nationwide basis, commenced using either "Mosque"
or "Temple" when mentioning one of "Muhammad's Temples of Islam."
The NOI is an all-Negro organization which was originally
organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMMAD claims to have
been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being, to lead the so-called
Negro race out of slavery in the wilderness of North America by
establishing an independent black nation in the United States.
Members following MUHAMMAD'S teachings and his interpretation of
the "Koran" believe there is no such thing as a Negro; that the
so-called Negroes are slaves of the white race, referred to as
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because of its exploitation of the so-called Negroes, must and
will be destroyed in the approaching "War of Armageddon."
In the past, officials and memoers of the NOI , including
MUHAMMAD, have refused to register under the provisions of the
Selective Service Acts and have declared that members owe no
allegiance to the United States.
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^ 1 Oi r iQ tho f j rct 1 enn r r-A a Hu ^ rpH MIT VI A MM AD had .
4/ | 4^ VJ j %/ a 4 V A 4. M W W M ** W ^ V w A w v* m* v • w — " — |
upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personal statements
and instructions to his ministers concerning the principles of
his organization in order to avoid possible prosecution by the
United States government; however, he did not indicate any
fundamental changes in the teachings of his organization.
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On May 2, 1966, a third source advised MUHAMMAD had,
early in July, 1958, decided to de-emphasize the religious aspects
Mm tnanhintrc nf isinm and t.rt strftf?R the economic benefits to
V A ^ Li ^ v/ * > A *4^^ vr * A "■ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ V - — ^ - _______ ... -
be derived by those Negroes who joined the NOI. This policy
change, according to MUHAMMAD, would help him acquire additional
followers and create more interest in his programs.
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fi/< -Vo. 100-4 0342
UNITED STATES
T? i
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DEE AH I'AfENT OF JUSTICE
FKDKIIAL IJUIIKAU OF INVESTIGATION
Chicago, Illinois
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STUDENT NON-VIOLENT
Title COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SNCC)
Character
Reference
INTERNAL SECURITY - SNCC
captioned as above
Agent
dated
and
All sources (except any listed below) whose identities
are concealed in referenced communication have furnished I’eliable
information in the past.
reliability .
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FBI WASH DC
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• . 5- OCPUTMCNI OF JUSTICE
COMMUNICATIONS SECTION
HB X 3 1968
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TELETYPE
FBI CHICAGO
532PM DEFERRED 2-13-68 RFJ
/■
DIRECTOR (100-439048)
FROM CHICAGO (1 00-40903)
WU r
o
STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCTRATIC SOCIETY. IS- SDS.
b
Mi. Tolion »■—
Mr. DeLoach —
Mr. Mohr
Mr. Bishop
Mr. Casper
Mr. Callahan
Mr. Conrad — ^
Mr. Felt
Mr. Gale
\rtygy Rosen.
IpCMr. Suliivan^r
Mr. Tavd
Mr. Trotter
Tele. Boom
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Mlas Gandy
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REMYTEL FEB TWELVE LAST.
- RELIABLE SOURCE ADVISED TODAY UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CHAPTER
SDS ( UC-SDS) HELD DEMONSTRATION BUSINESS EAST BUILDING ON UC
I
CAMPUS BEGINNING THREE PM TODAY. DEMONSTRATION HELD IN PROTEST
OF UNIVERSITY’S COOPERATION WITH INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSIS
o
(IDA). APPROXIMATELY THIRTYSIX INDIVIDUALS PARTICIPATED IN
DEMONSTRATION CONSISTING OF PICKETS CARRYING SIGNS READING "IDAj_
HELPS U.S. KILL BETTER EVERYWHERE* AND "UC GET OUT OF IDA." ALSO
t
FACT SHEET PUBLISHED BY UC-SDS DISTRIBUTED REQUES TING. BAIL MONEY
FOR INDIVIDUALS ARRESTED IN CONNECTION WITH RECENT INCIDENTS AT
ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA. REC U //pC?Si;/s?
/d> 6 **
SOURCE STATED DEMONSTRATION PEACEFUL AND WITHOUT INCIDENT,
n *
01 f 1 /
TERMINATING THREE FIFTY PM.
USA, SECRET SERVICE, MILITARY AND CHICAGO PD AD Vl’&FffiLjtg FOLLOWS
END J
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FEDERAL
2reau of inve' ®gation
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TITLE OF CaSE
STUDENT NON-VIOLENT
COORDINATING COMMITTEE
(SNCC )
OFFICE OF OR'5* N
ATLANTA
date
7/2^68
report made by
investigative period
4/10 - 7/18/68 _
"[liffD *1
CHARACTE
RM - SNCC
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REFERENCE: Chicago report of SA
dated 4/19/68 v
- P -
leads
CHICAGO
at CHICAGO ILLINOIS. Will forward and report P®^***" 1 ?*
tn format lo n^concernlng O h l^g^ branch of SNCC concerning militant
type activities of this organization.
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: ACQUIT- case has been:
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PENDING PROSECUTION , . _
OVER SIX MONTHS CD Y ES LJ N °
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SPECIAL agent
IN CHARGE
DO NOT WRITE IN SPACES BELOW
v jo; - Bureau (100-43919Q (RM)
2 - Atlanta (100-6488) ,(RM)
1 - Region 1, H3th MI Group,
Evanston, (Via Courier)
\ - us Secret Service, Chicago,
(Via Courier)
i _ NISO, Chicago (Via Courier)
i - OSI, Chicago (Via Courier)
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CG 100-40342
4
100-40342-1856
4
ADMINISTRATIVE
protect
5UUI vca
q i nr* f*
data from these sources oT continuing value could result
in their being identified and so compromise their future
effectiveness.
Details concerning the UFAP - Murder investigation
of ROBERT VANCE WALTON, Et Al, can be found in Bufile 88-44846,
Chicago file 88-12083. WALTON is former Chicago Branch SNCL
officer and is on the SI and AI.
Tol lowing Chicago agitator index subjects associated
with SNCC are mentioned in this report:
ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN
ROBERT VANCE WALTON
Details concerning the Selective Service Act, 1948,
investigation of ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN can be found in Bufile
100-448502, Chicago file 25-50236. AUSA ROBINSON, NDI , Chicago,
estimates BROWN'S case will come up for trial sometime in
September, 1968.
- C* -
COVER PAGE
,c v - 7
~~ _ tw
■**«*“* -
Copy lo:
Report of:
Date:
Field Offic
Title:
Character:
Synopsis:
ir
'^STATES DEPARTMENT OF "
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
CONFI
^TIAL
1 - Region 1, 113th MI Group, Evanston, (Via Courier)
1 - US Secret Service, (Via Courier)
1 - NISO, Chicago, (Via Courier)
1 Courier)
Office.
7 / 2 W^
File *: 100-40342
Bureou File $: 100-439190
STUDENT NON-VIOLENT
COORDINATING COMMITTEE
(SNCC)
>
RACIAL MATTERS - STUDENT
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COMM ITTEE
lV
ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN, Midwest Director, Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was arrested bv^ FBI on 7/17/68,
for violation Selective Service Apt, 1948. 'BROWN arraigned
and released on bond same date . /Details of Midwest SNCC
conference week-end of 4/13-14/68 set forth. ■"'^STOKLEY
CARMICHAEL'S speech on 3/25/68,
_ . . m a -* X A A ■
f AV f K
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RMPP fundc anH nf f 1 r»Prc;
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at Chicago, Illinois, set
set Out . SNCC leaflets
attached .
- P
CONF
Group
IAL
d from automatic
ding and
if ica tion
This document contains neither recommenda t ions nor conclusions of the FBI- It Is the property of the FBI and is loaned to
your ojenov; It and Its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
CC» 100-40342
DETAILS:
I. PREDICATION
This investigation is predicated upon the change
of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
from peaceful civil rights organization to a militant
revolutionary organization advocating the uniting of Negroes
throughout the world to bring about a world wide revolution
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independently who can destroy property and then make their
escape .
II. ADDRESS OF ORGANIZATION
On May 14, 1968, ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN, Midwest
Region Director, SNCC advised that his efforts to open a
local SNCC office had failed. He was “continuing to operate
SNCC from his residence at 11400 South Vincennes Avenue, Chicago
Illinois. He cpuld also be reached through contacting
BOB RUSH or JOE ^ MONTGOMERY .
(Source
5/16/68)
BOBBY L. RUSH a male, Negro, is student organizer
of the Chicago Branch of SNCC.
i '
JOSEPH^. MONTGOMERY, a male, Negro, is gang organizer
of the Chicago Branch of SNCC.
1 SUBJECT ORGANIZATION
(Sourcefl^lflfeR 5/2/68)
CG 100-40342
IH, CHICAGO AREA SNCC OFFICERS
ROBERT ALFQNZO BROWN, Midwest Direct or
,0n January 26, 1968,
Chicago Sanitation Department“7^Clty wan, Chicago,
Illinois, advised their records indicate ROBERT A. BROWN is
the son of deceased LAWRENCE NATHANIEL BROWN who had been
a sanitation employee from May 17, 1950, to June 15, 1964-,
On June 12, 1964, Mrs. ALICE ELLA BROWN, 11400 South Vincennes,
Chicago, shot her husband, LAWRENCE NATHANIEL BROWN with
a bullet from a rifle through the heart killing him instantly.
She was exonerated by the court on grounds of justifiable
homicide. ROBERT A. BROWN is one of 13 children in this
family .
ROBERT ALF0NZ0 BROWN is Midwest Region Director,
Chicago Branch of SNCC.
(Source
*
5/2/68)
On April 15, 1968,
Armed Forces Examining an
AFEES )
est Van Buren, Chicago, Illinois, advised that ROBERT A.
BROWN reported for his pre-induction physical examination at
approximately 8:30 a.m. on this date. BROWN was accompanied
by 2 other Negroes, a male and a female. They remained outside
the building for a short time, but carried no signs, created
no disturbances, and in no way engaged in picketing of the
induction center. BROWN initially submitted to the pre-induction
physical; however, when it came to take the mental examination,
he refused and at this point he was requested to leave the
induction center. BROWN complied with the request and left.
(Source^522JL 6/6/68)
n
O
CG 100-40342
On June 18, 1968,
_____ AFEES, advised that on this date ROBERT ALFONZ<
BROWN underwent a complete induction physical and mental
examination. He refused to fill out the Subversive
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he refused to submit to induction in that he did not take
the oath and step forward signifying acceptance of military
obligation .
On July 16, 1968, Assistant United States Attorney
EUGENE ROBINSON advised that Federal Grand Jury in
session in the Northern District of Illinois, Court House,
Chicago, Illinois, returned true bill and Judge J. SAM PERRY,
« w • a .1 n x _ X Y"*S J _ X A m. ^ m • la ^ m
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for the arrest of ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN for violation of
Selective Service Act, 1948, Title 50, Appendix United States
Code on a suppressed indictment. Bond was set at $4,000.
On July 17, 1968, Special Agents of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation arrested ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN at
his residence 11400 South Vincennes, Chicago, without
incident. BROWN refused to make any comments without
1 i J » I 1. t .1 _ _ X T T n MA r . . rt A y-3 4* /S w A T T A A *1 4* ll Cl
consultation wixn ms auorney . ne re xuacu tu x^vcxx
identity of his attorney, implying that all the preparations
for his release after this arrest had been previously handled.
At approximately 3;30 p.m. on this date BROWN's bond was made
and he was released.
On May 14, 1968
_ BROWN was first introduced to the "Black Power Movement"
cy LAWRENCE LANDRY when BROWN was 14 years of age. BROWN
was thensicnedunas a member of Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE ) .(HHHHHV BR0WN might soon be ousted from leadership
in SNCC^^SNC^f^iancial condition is poor and most local
•Black Power* leaders would prefer to have a new
in Chicago.
ovrr»r«
1 AM W
- 4
- . ...
' v«v=«y **
• V
CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY (CORE) CHICAGO CHAPTER
Chicago chapter of Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE) is a militant type oriented civil rights organization
composed of primarily of Negroes’whose present aims include
independent political campaigns concerned with slum housing,
education, employment, minimum wages, and recruitment of
Negroes for the anti-draft movement.
(Source
1 / 5 / 68 )
rr t 100-40342
LAWRENCE LANDRY is a male Negro, who was instrumental
in the formation of ACT, a militant west side civil rights
organization in early 1964. ACT was then described as a
"Third Force" in the civil rights movement composed of the
most militant leaders in the Negro revolution. He was
national chairman of ACT. In 1963 LANDRY was chairman of
the Chicago branch of SNCC. He has been arrested in Chicago
on at least 2 occasions in connection with street demonstrations
* a niiorrcH ■*- have been instrumental in inviting the disorders
Orliu M J. xv M w — — — ' ’ —
on Chicago’s west side in August, 1965.
(Source
le characterized ROBERT ALFONZO
Ijnse hatred of white people also as lacking
the intelligence to conduct a constructive program of activities
for SNCC. ~ "
JOSEPH MONTGOMERY
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of SNCC as gang organizer in the Chicago area. He has influence
over a teenage gang in the neighborhood of 75th and Halsted
Streets, Chicago, which he uses for SNCC leaflet distribution,
canvassing and other purposes.
(Source
5/15/68)
BOBBY L. RUSH
of SNCC.
BOBBY L. RUSH is student organizer of Chicago Branch
(Source
5/2/68)
- 5
CG 100-40342
THOMAS CLYDE CARTER
On May 13, 1968, THOMAS CLYDE CARTER, generally
known as TOMMY of 14927 South Leavitt Avenue, Harvey,
Illinois, advised that he is SNCC Field Director for the
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as an acquaintance of ROBERT ALF0NZ0 BROWN, Midwest Director
of SNCC. He said he had met STOKELY CARMICHAEL, former National
Director SNCC, on several occasions, but was not a close confidant
of CARMICHAEL’S. He declined to discuss aims and goals of
SNCC, but claimed his branch membership exceeded 50 individuals.
He considered a physical confrontation between black and white
races as inevitable and had his forces prepared for the assured
confrontation. He was critical of the FBI for giving firearms
instruction to the Harvey, Illinois, Police Department.
ROBERT VANCE WALTON
(V
ROBERT VANCE WALTON,' general known as YAREE AMEER
is affiliated with the Chicago {ranch of SNCC as Direct Action
Coordinator and leader of the young black miltants.
(Source
11/17/67)
On June 13, 1968,
advised that on June^ 8, 1968, ROBERT VANCE WALTON
accompanied by his brother JOHN MICHAEL WALTON entered a
store on Chicago's south side and without warning fired two
fatal shots from a .38 caliber revolver into the head of
ABDER RAYYAN an Arab National, born in Jordan, who has been
in the United States for
CG 100-40342
i i
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5.
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_ that in i
second murder warrant has been obtained for ROBERT WALTON.
This warrant was obtained upon the development of new
information regarding the shot gun killing of a 7 year
old boy on July 2, 1967.
On June 14, 1968, an authorized complaint was
filed before United States Commissioner, Northern District
of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, charging ROBERT VANCE WALTON
JOHN MICHAEL WALTON and SALLY B. MILLER with violation of
Title 18, Section 1073, United States Code, unlawful flight
to avoid prosecution - murder. $50,000 bond recommended for
each subject. THE SUBJECTS ARE ARMED AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED
EXTREMELY DANGEROUS.
IV. CHICAGO BRANCH OF SNCC FINANCES
i.i
- 7 -
T
CG 100-40342
ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN, Midwest Director of SNCC, enrolled
in a 3 months training program -from January through March, 1968,
at the Urban Training Center for Chirstian Missions (UTC), 40 ‘North
Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, which is called "Ministerial
Survival Conference in Preparation for Community Action
Training Program." BROWN received $60 per week to attend
classes for 5 hours daily in this program.
(Sou rce
2/1/68)
n j j »» j _ j ri i _ x .. i a n a. i f . ijk i 1 a O ^ a
v^ixy Missionary ocx;it;iy f xy ouuin iagmic; ouc«l,
atholic
with a part of these finances coming from a number of churches
and church groups in the Chicago area. Among the - principal
contributors is the Church Federation of Chicago. Most of
the staff of the UTC are ministers of various denominations
oriented toward a social action-protest philosophy which is
"anti-power structure" in nature.
►
J-
- 8 -
S V
CG 100-40342
Bulletin number 1185, Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, pages 3 and 4, reveals that the United
Electrical, Radio and Machine .Workers of America Union (UERMWA)
was one of 11 unions expelled from the Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO), during 1949-1950, on charges of Communist
domination. The bulletin stated that UERMWA was expelled
on November 2, 1949 and that its present status was that of an
"unaf filiated" union.
(S^>urce^^^|^ 2/67)
ERNEST’YdE MAIO holds the position of President
of District .11, UERMWA, 37 South Ashland Boulevard, Chicago,
Illinois and is also Vice Presidept of the International
t
l / ,
UK organization. , . , . . . ^ «
■ w>hi J iciU't-W-foW A A/ /'// ;////*'.'■
(" UE NEWS", official organ.:'’ ' . , r A
of UE, June, 1967) 'iil"... .
- 8-A -
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CO 100-40342
V. CHICAGO BRANCH OF SNCC ACTIVITIES
Communist Party (CP) of Illinois
.1 . _
t_ _ _ _
_ ft
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i ^ j _ j
Illinois
ax xne present time mere are no ue
members active in the Chicago Branch of SNCC and the CP
exercises no influence over SNCC,
(Source'
4/18/68)
Midwest SNCC Conference
ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN, Director Chicago Branch*
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Midwest SNCC Conference to begin at noon Saturday, April 13,
1968, and to continue through Sunday, April 14, 1968
BROWN invited a number of individuals from outside Chicago
from the Midwest area to attend the conference.
At approximately 1:00 p.m. Saturday, April 13,
1968, ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN arrived at Chicago Alderman
A, A. "Sammy” Rayner Hall, 7127 South Chicago Street,
and discovered that Chicago Police Department officers
' / ■
were already on the scene. Several officers BROWN
recognized as being with the Human Relations Unit. They
interviewed BROWN advising him that at his meeting on this
date he had better be careful, not engage in any unlawful
_ -A. J — _ J A
ac uvuy
or make
any
In i lamum tOx y
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subject to possible arrest
BROWN then warned each person individually that came
to the hall for the SNCC meeting that they were under police
surveillance and to surreptitiously go to the meeting place
which would be held that evening at 6:00 p.m. at 5008 South
Dorchester, Chicago.
The meeting was held between 8; 00 p.m. and 10*00 p.m
BROWN stated that no meeting should last longer than 2 hours
as no blacks should be together at one place too long for
security reasons. He said no one place should ever be used
for more than one such SNCC meeting. Approximately 20 to 25
Negroes were in attendance at the meeting. No extensive
10 -
CG 100-40342
introductions were made as the majority appeared to know one
another. Four or five of the Negroes were from outside the
_ / y^hicago area, however, the source recognized only "TUCK”
ADDISON from Gary, Indiana, and FRANK jACKSON from Kalamazoo,
Michigan. ///
BROWN stated that similar SNCC meetings were being
held in various places around the country. He said the
black groups have to be ready to coordinate activities if
the future black revolution is to be effective. He belittled
the efforts by local black power groups to form a united
black front. He explained that this is just a hoax and
SNCC would not be part of it. SNCC must get itself and
its associates together. They must organize so that each
individual has his own "job” which would be in an area
which the individual himself feels to‘ be most important.
Whatever "job" is selected by an individual it should be
kept secret from other SNCC members and should absolutely
remain that way. This type of security is necessary so that
no one else can innocently or otherwise tell on another SNCC
member. BROWN said in the future he would not be able to
handle details of anyone's "job" and does not want to know
any individuals "job” function. He said if members find
themselves under surveillance by the police not to come to
him. He does not want to be restricted in his movements
so he does not want to be involved in their problems. He
said no black man should go to jail or submit to arrest.
If danger of being arrested they should shoot it out with
the police.
BROWN was asked for examples of what he meant by
’’job" and he implied that if someone wanted to do a job in
a political field that person would select a politican
or a public figure who is a danger to the movement or an individu
hindering the black power movement and the job would be to
"remove" that individual. He indicated this type of "job"
should be well organized and handled efficiently. He explained
that such individuals should be handled by "us" before these
individuals have a cnance to act against ’its" .
CG 100-40342
j
«*■ '
I
i’
; ^
if
- '
BROWN said there will be a black convention in
Chicago at the same time the Democratic National Convention
is to be held. Be expected black militants from all over
the country to be in Chicago to "tear up the city." BROWN
will see to it that Chicago is full of disturbances with
th© objective to ko©p t he con y 0 n t i o n from b©ingf held End to
make it necessary to move elsewhere.
As a further example BROWN said that in the field
of educstion the SNCC member who takes this assignment for his
"job" should keep in mind the objective that all schools
should be closed down. Black students should not be studying
courses set up under the white system. The schools are not
teaching subjects of interest to the black. The United States
laws are not black laws and blacks have no responsibility to obey
the white mans* laws. The blacks should not serve the white mars’
country and should not even consider themselves citizens of ths
country. This country should be "wrecked”.
The crowd was attentive and generally quiet throughout
BROWN’s talk. BROWN was asked it he wanted to hand out
assignments on "jobs". BROWN refused and implied
that each individual member is on his own and will have to
determine, when, where, and what time to carry out his
"job".
BROWN placed much stress on future security of
operation. "TUCK" ADDISON commented that he was not interested
in assoc ia ting v/ith anyone who would have to be persuaded
to handle a "job". All of the individuals in this meeting
were expected to be committed to the movement. He did not
want problems created by any individual member who was having
trouble with the authorities. He said police and informers
whose identities can be determined should be killed. He wanted
to associate with people in the movement who have been in
jail and can be trusted or who have been in the movement for
a long time. He 'would not associate with any new member in the
movement .
(Source ^^^^^4/15/68)
- 12
fir
A e *
i.
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i
CG 100-40342
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Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, where he is a
member of a recently chartered student organization called
Black Action Movement (BAM) . This organization recently
sponsored a "Midwestern Regional Conference on Black Power"
from March 29 through 31, 1968.
(Source
4/1/68)
Fr.RPPT T .ANYISTfYW AmvrsnN
AV X M, *1 K A1 \/ ^ A v 1 1 4 A X k/V 41 |
ffOnDrQl 1 v lrnnwn a <2 l,f TTTPV M
^ 'W- X * V X M A -«P- J < ---- -
¥* A A
ADDISON was a graduate of Lincoln University where he was
known as a "agitator and black power" advocate. ADDISON
was opposed to the war in Vietnam and at one time requested
leave to go to North Vietnam which request was denied.
(Source
9/15/67)
University of Northwestern Disturbance,
Evanston, Illinois
akr«
On May 3, 1968,
shortly before 8:00 a.m. on this date that approximately 60
Negroes, reportedly members of an organization called "For
Members Only" (FM0) which is an all Negro organization recently
formed on the University of Northwestern (NU) Campus to provide
facilities for Negro social gatherings ana to serve as a
medium for the study of Negro culture, gained entry to the
administrative building of NU located at 619 West Clark
Street, Evanston, Illinois. A member of the janitorial staff open
the doors prior to the official opening of the building at
8:30 ajn. The group barricaded themselves in the building and
refused entry to employees of the building. This group is
demanding that more Negro students be admitted to NU and that
the school administration "do away with races" and proceeded
to hang signs to this effect in the area of the building.
ROBERT ALF0NZ0 BROWN, .'Midwest Director SNCC and
ROBERT RUSH, Student Organizer, SNCC, traveled to NU campus in
connection with the student demonstration. BROWN and RUSH
had planned to remain with the demonstrators, however, BROWN
and the leader of the student demonstration were in disagreement
over the students demands and BROWN and RUSH departed in the
late afternoon hours.
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(Source
5/3/68)
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CG 100-40342
STOKELY CARMICHAEL Speech, Chicago, Illinois
On May 2, 1908, the following verbatim transcript
of a speech by STOKELY CARMICHAEL former Nations! Director
of SNCC which he made at the Afro Arts Theater, 3947 South
Drexel Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois, on March 25, 1968,
was made available on this date.
(Source
5/Z/68)
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- 14 -
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CG 100-40342
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Stokely Carmichael: Good evening brothers and sisters... I
can wrap some coats on to you. We have a lot to talk about
tonight. We want to take our time and understand what we
have to talk about tonight. I think in part if you see
any black man you see Negroes, we all the same.
Response from audience.
Carmichael: Now then tonight we have to be very very serious
and we have to understand very clearly what is happening
in this country. It is crystal clear that the honkies are
preparing to commit genocide against this beautiful race of
people .
Person from audience: Peace brother.
Carmichael: That’s clear and we want to go over that because
what we're talking about tonight is not political, not
economic, not poverty program. We're talking about
survival, survival, survival, and survival is entirely
different from old, poverty program, education, and all
that junk. After you have survival you can play with that,
but when your talking about survival you’re talking about
food, shelter, clothing, that's all. Now there are some
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people will or getting ready to commit genocide against us.
So we have to be clear in our minds when we say they are
getting ready to commit genocide against us, that we can
at least explain that from grounds over which they can see
the light. Now it is very easy. All we have to do is to,
let our brothers and sisters read the man's history. If you
read the honkies history you'd see wherever the honkies got
they disrupted societies, disrupted societies. We can
explain to brothers that the honkies came to this country.
The Indians took him in and fed him, showed him how to plant
corn, to hunt, fish, how to adapt to this country and when
the Indians showed him that he wiped him out. We have to
demonstrate to our people exactly what is going on because
if we do not break off we're going to be dead. We can
explain to the brother that when the honky went to South
America he saw the Aztec Indians with their silver and
their copper and all of their monuments. The Aztec
Jndians took him in showed him the silver. He fight, stole, it
and wiped them out.
1 5
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CG 100-40342
We arc not teaching it tonight, we’re giving
facts. We’ll tell you what we're preaching.
The honkies went to Africa. We were milling
in Africa. We were the greatest there was. He came,
he got mad. He stole our gold, stole our diamonds, stole
our copper, stole our zinc, and turned around and stole us
as well.
He went to China. The Chinese had gunpowder.
They used it for fireworks on their days of festivities.
They sold It to the honkies. He refined it, made a gun,
and came back, shot them all. I ask you to read the honkies’
history and show me where he has gone where he has not conquered
where he is the majority or the minority.
What we're dealing with today is the final showdown,
tiie coni rontat ion between the black and white around the world
especially inside the United States, and since we're dealing
with a final confrontation of black or white, we have to ask
ourselves how will we survive, but brothers and sisters you
don’t have to worry because we're gonna survive, and therefore
he is capable of doing it. We must prepare ourselves...
preparation. I always tell a little joke about the brother
in Alabama. This Ivonky came into a juke joint and just
started hitting on his brother and kicked him all down the
f Loor and the white man jumped up, he said, "Nigger if I
had my gun I'd kill you. The brother said "slide up against
the wall here. White man you mean to tell me you have...
(rest of joke unintelligible because of large response
by audience).
It is always better to be prepared then to be
not prepared and it is always better to have you than
caught without it, but there is another reason why wo
say he is getting ready to commit genocide against us. He
brought us here for' a specific reason to build this country.
We have built this country so it is the most powerful and
richest country in the world. We built it. He no longer
has need of us. When you don’t need something destroy it.
CG 100-40342
i
If its costing you much money destroy it.. You get rid of it.
Now if we say that he is getting ready to do this thing to us
and if we are talking about survival, then some of the
conferences we lost last year, we must go beyond.
We have three very important concepts which we must
all understand very clearly in our minds, and these concepts
are going to help to build the type of ideology that is going
to bind us together as a group.. to shoot this white man
once and for all, that’s very important. The first concept:
We must have undying love for our people. I want to repeat that
we must have undying love for our people, and that’s the most
important thing we have. If we have undying love for our
people we would not be dying in Viet Nam. We would be
dying in the streets of Chicago. We do not have undying
love for our people because he has transferred the love
that we once had for each other for relative things like
this country. So we are willing to die for his country
but we are not willing to die for our people.
Response from audience.
...first our people then, and only then you and me as individuals.
Our people must come first. The only thing is that an undying
love of our people is going to be very hard, because we hate
each other so much, and we hate each other so much because
we are taught how to hate each other; and if we are talking
about building an undying love for our people we must begin
to want.. All of those things he taught us, the first thing
he taught us was to hate black because that's us. It is no
accident that we have such ... statements about the blacks he
•taught us... Even today some of our people still want to be
called Negro rather than be called black. It is because
we have a hatred of that which is black that we hate ourselves,
because black is like us which is why we do the things we do
to each other. If we> are going to turn it around, we must
say we love the blacks.
Response from audience.
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Unless we get him to understand that concept he will continue
to domind us. We must have such a strong love for our people
that. . cannot disrupt us, cannot disrupt us. We must have such
an undying love for our people that if a brother should have
to go to Viet Nam we love him so much we will break his legs,
Large response from audience.
and we must do it in a spirit of love, not hate. We must have
such an undying love for our people that when a brother says
he does not want to go to Viet Nam that when the MPs come
to get him, he got to get all of us.
Response from audience.
We must have such an undying love for our people that we no
longer say anything negative about our people. Nothing,
from now on everything we say about our people must be positive.
We cannot say anything, it must be positive.
The second concept which is very important, flows
from the first, and says every Negro is a potential black
man, and we have to work with that concept to make all our
brothers who is a slipping Negro yesterday, today he's a
black nationalist ... if the brother is a nationalist then who
should help that brother see the light and come on home.
If we do not help that brother see the light the honkies
are going to use him against us, but even more important
than the honkies using him against us is that he is our
people, flesh of our flesh, blood of our blood, and the honkies
can’t have any more they had enough. So we have to understand
that concept. We must understand because too many people
.are running and talking about the toms... we never was no
tom, we was a traitor not an uncle tom, but we don't have
any more. . .we do not have it because we do not have an undying
love for our people. If we had an undying love for our people
there... we would say £o ourselves. . .we would work together
in a spirit of love, a total friendship, and we would work
for them. If they don’t come home they are traitors to... kill
traitors, but we do not want to emphasize killing our own
people. That is negative. We want to emphasize bring the
Negro home and making him black. That is what we must emphasize
because we cannot fight our people and the enemy. We cannot.
That is what we must emphasize because every Negro is a
potential black man and that means he is a potential ally and
M-
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CG 100-40342
you do not alienate your potential ally. We must understand
that concept. The brothers and the sisters who are etill
wandering. Let us take time, let us take love brother and
bring them home, because if you got a converted Negro brother
you got a strong black man. And let us remember that it was
not too long ago that brother Malcolm X was speaking to us
and we were kicking at him. Let us remember that black power
is only two years old and we were kicking at that when It
first came out. Let us remember where we were and we'll
help everyone. We must bring all of our people home.
Now then the third concept and the most important
concept and perhaps the most difficult concept is one we must
spend some time with because it really is important. For
black people the question of commuting is not just simply
a question of land. It is a question of our people... for
black people the question of commuting is not just a question
of land it is a question of our color our people, and where
we are, that is to say that when you go to a place you’re
not home until you're with your people. If you went to
Los Angeles you would not be home until you moved to Watts.
If you went to New York you would not be home until you
moved to Harlem. If :you went to Detroit, you would not
be home until you were on Riverside. Chicggo, you would
not be home until you were on the south or the west side.
Pretty Boon it will be the home city, and in Washington, D. C.
the whole city is our's, but now we have to understand these
concepts because if we understand these concepts we can break
down this giant national barrier and it is honkies...In Cuba
65% of the population is black. In Puerto Rico In Panama
45% of the population is black. In Santa Domingo 50% of
the population is black. In Guatemala 50% of the population
is black. In the West Indies the whole West Indies is black
and when you in Africa the whole, the whole (unintelligible
due to large response by audience) , If we can begin to
understand that concept we break down this giant thing the
honkies have... you American Negro, you Canadian Negoo, you
Negro Negro... all of us because if we recognize that we would
recognize that the black man in the world today is 900,000,000
strong... We got 900,000,000 strategic, 900^000,000 strategic
placed situations in the Western Hemisphere. The biggest
"i-tctake this white man made was to mess with the African. He's
going to pay for it.
CG 1001-40342
Now then we have to talk about the concept of
Negro versus African, because people are going to analyze...
When we were in Africa we were Africians. We were black
men. We were free. After he stole us from Africa when
he brought us to the United States, we became slaves. We
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and the slave are the same thing. We want to work with
the concept a little bit more because we have to... now he
stole us from Africa and more when he says we didn’t steal
you, they sold you out, and then we go around saying our
people sold us out. The only reason he Is sajfog that is to
keep us divided because if you believe your people sold you
out wouldn't organize with them. You wouldn't organize them
We'll get the white concept out of our mind. We have to say
no Africans sold anvbodv out. hunkies vou stole us all.
_ — - ■ — w ' * w — — — _ — — w
fiusponse by audience.
♦ ►
Now the only reason we have to say that is because we need
it for our own psychological uplift. We got to say it
because its true. Let me ask you a question .. .Africa .
He ain't had nothing, nothing. Where's the gold come from,
Africa. Where 's the diamonds come from?
Audience: Africa.
where's the copper come from?
Audience: Africa.
Where's the zinc come from?
i
Audience: Africa.
What does he have?
J
Audience: Nothing
The honky then have nothing, nothing at all.
- 0
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CG 100-40342
As a matter of fact he stole us to pick the... What
the honky buy us with trinkets? Our women were wearing the
best gold and diamonds there Is to buy. Ifhat did the honky
buy us with fire water? The best booze and the best pot
comes from Africa. I know what I am talking about. I am
just laughing (unintelligible due to audience response) .
It is obvious that he had no currency, nothing whatsoever
to buy us with, but he had the straight attitude. Let us
think: 1) that we couldn’t come together because we
don't trust each other if we sold each other out j and 2) He's
got to say this because he can't admit that he would do all
that stealing by himself. So he's got to. .. (unintelligible
due to audience response). So we must understand that concept
because if we say wahe African, you say you’re a free people.
If you say you Negro you say to began in slavery. If you say
you began in war that means you searched your ancestors back
into slavery and if your beginning was.. you cannot grow up
to be nothing but a good slave. Because that's where you
began, a slave. It follows that your going to be a slave,
but if you said you were African and you would say that
you went to the first university in the world, the University
of Timbukto.
Large response from audience.
If you said you were an African you would come from people
who are warriors like Haipibal, Hk® (Hats names of other
warriors, but names unintelligible) you would be somebody..
If you want to say the blood of Africa was on you, you would
have given civilization to that white man. You give it to
a people who say your an African. Your civilization began
•in the Mesopotamian Valley and. .. (unintelligible due to
audience response) . If you ever say you're African you could
say your ancestors roamed this world and all of its.. and
your ancestors would f ight the sun before they would bow
down to anyone. If you would say you're African then they
would not be able to debate us the way they... jive talk about
the Africans don't like you and you don't like the Africans,
cause they got... If anyone say you got justice you say... people
what you think about Stokely Carmichael.
Large response from audience.
CG 100-40342
Hr? has divided us up that we do not know who we are, where
we came from, what our ancestry is. He divided us as he
saw it. He dropped us in the West Indies. He dropped us in
Cuba. He dropped us in Brazil. He dropped us in Guatemala.
He dropped us in Panama. He dropped us in Santo Domingo.
He dropped us in Puerto Rico. He dropped us in the United
States, even in Canada we are.. what did he do this white
man wanting to do this to us as a people.
We have to understand man, and we're talking about
color today and nothing else. The world is divided and
the country that is pushing it the most is the United States
of America. Let me say the divided of our brother. You
know we came back into the cduntry. We tried to tflk to
black people. . .don' t you sit down and talk to us Stokely
Carmichael ,. .Communist . That’s O.K. communis* is & white
thing we’re coming from a straight black thing. We don't
get you and immediately we got to take some time and explain
alot of things to unite.
Now the honkies ,. responsible Negroes those.,
communists blah, blah, blah. Before we left thisocountry
about 8 months ago. . .what a good thing it is that these white
people are sitting down together to return.,in harmony with
each other. It is the United States and Russia that are
sitting down today to develop. .. and that ain’t nothing but
a white fight. We roust understand that all the Eastern
communist world is breaking off to denounce China. So all
the whites are going to come closer together. There’s a
direct flight from New York to Moscow right now, leaves
every day. I think Pan American has got it. What we have
got to understand is that white force is moving closer
together. It was the United States of America that voted
for South Africa to join the Olympics, the United States
of America. Like I said the white man witch doctor in
South Africa.. He was trained in the United States of
America. When they brought him over beretto put him on.,
telling folks we don’t have to kill them we can use some of them
to steer cars. It is strictly a question of power and the
United States is moving closer and closer to it and we
have some of our brothers and sisters who are arguing about
whether or not they should run for this honky in the Olympics.
CC 100-40342
Aim t ar<‘ you going to get frm the Olympics, a gold medal.
The gold is coming from South Africa, its ours. Its ours.
Its ours. All he’s doing is burning his heart out for
gold that belongs to him. The honky stole it all, and when
the honky gives him... and says thanks alot nigger, and then
we people. .debate about the Olymoics . . . . I ' 11 tell you
honky you’ll lose and that's enough for me.
Large response from audience.
Don't be afraid to tell them, if we want you to lose, because
you been using us to sin for you and you been against us and
we not going to to nothing for you no more.
Response from audience.
Now then we want to move into areas specifically
about trying to corrupt our movement, cause it is very
clear that nowhere it is good. We know where it is going
just some of us scared to get up and say so, but we going
to get our people and going to get up because this is the
most beautiful race of people in the world and we going
to get up to kill.. The United States works on what is called
the 3 M's, the missionary, the money, the marine. That's
right. Everywhere I've gone that's how they count it. They
send the missionary ... They send the money in and its fizzling
out. The next comes the marines for protecting some...
Large response from audience.
That means that we are a disease to all these Hack men and
all black women. You got to get ... (unintelligible due to
response of audience). We have got to get some guns. We
have got to get some guns to the news for the benefit of
our people against our enemies. We have got to get those
guns. I will tell you why we have to get guns, .not only
because we need protection when you..,, but we need it
because of all of the programs that is run by the. . .will
not solve our problems. Because our problem is the white
man,. Let us examine then the... so when I couldn’t stop he
decided he would refine it. So he.. black power. Well
black power means .. .black power means the fote. If you
■i 3
CG 100-40342
got the vote then you going to get everything. Brothers and
sisters let me tell you something. The vote now has never
been, nor ever will be relevent to the survival of • black
people in this country.
Large response from audience.
and I'll prove it to you. We have not been able to vote in
Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia,
North Carolina, and even Washington, D. C. We have been
surviving without a vote. Not only that, the vote doesn't
help us a damn.... You know that beautiful man from Atlanta,
Georgia ... got elected to his position. They didn't like
what he said. They kicked him out, and could survive for
2 years without the... You know brother Adam Clayton Powell.
He's been out of office for almost 2 years now... The vote
does not mean anything because of the . . . politica 1 power from
out of the barrel of.... They count everything because they...
and they have us thinking enough for them. It time for us
to pick up the gun for our people. It is not the question
of the vote, it is the question of the gun. It is a question
only of the color. If it is not a question of the gun, it
is a question of the will of people to fight to the dying
end .
Response from audience.
So we must understand the vote in its proper perspective. If
we vote today we do it only for one reason to bring our people
closer together. That's all, that’s all. We do not
expect a vote to win us anything because it will win us nothing
in Gary, Indiana, it will win us nothing in Cleveland, but
some people are going to be up or you sleep, because we are
nil waking up today and got to get other people to Dut us to
sleep. We have got to wake up the Stokes and the Hatchers. The
votes mean absolutely . nothing unless we get the gun. Give
us a pride in ourselves, tell us about our history, our .
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education is ail about. If you had that in you, you could
conquer the world. If you had that in you chemically,
physica 1 ly . . . but its because we have a sense of nothingness,
cause we're Negroes,
cause
we’re slaves. You can use slaves
2 4
CG 100-40342
for whif<> trash, then wc arc in a way completely white-washed,
■ -ann i ■ • • 1 , and asleep. In order to wake up we mjst take over
L he ouHMl von systtm in our schools, and we must start off
by saving to our brothers black is beautiful. It is so
beautiful to be hLack. We must give them a feeling thst they
are somebody with trust and dignity. The whites boy
gives it to his children and to us. Every time he says tnese
f bines he mav not think the white man is suoerior. He
n - r i r — ’ -r ___ . -
doesn't have to say that. Ho tells you Christopher Columbus
discovered America. Marco Polo discovered China. A white
man discovered everything. If white people discovered
cm/ cry t hing god damnit, they got to be superior. He may not
have to come out and say their superior, but he tells you
everyday, he tells you. The must beautiful and richest
country in the world is the United States of America, whose
running it. White folks. So whose the most beautiful
and richest in the world, white folks. Cause this ain't
our country, I know we got over that.
Audience: Peace brother.
*
So we have to understand this concept of educa tion ... plenty .
Now the first and the last they are going to be
the most difficult for us, is the one we really have to work
haid on is this thing about economics. I Say they got
these people down ... say ing black power means green power,
and they got all these preachers jumping up saying that’s
right green power first, green power, that's what we need.
Now look here we don’t need monev all that had, I’ll
tell you why, because the most materialistic concept he has
is in the dollar. He will kill his mama for the dollar,
and here comes some preacher. .. that we should fight for
the dollar. He just like the monkey killing for the dollar.
in't that some junk. Wo not fighting for no dollar. There's
something more important than the dollar. Its our people,
that's more important than the dollar. Everywhere they yell,
get green power, you get green power you get black power.
Black power is talking about people. What they saying is
you get money you can buy ’people. Its the same old concept.
We cannot be fighting for green power. It is the poverty
program that’s disrupted all of our communities across the
country when we were coming together.
2 5
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Response from ^udience
It is the poverty program that has done it. The poverty
program was aimed to do two things: stop the rebellion, we'll
fire the niggers, stop the rebellion we'll fire the niggers,
stop the rebellion we'll fire the niggers and that's precisely
what they have done, because in any race of people ybe warriors
are your youths. The poverty program is geared for nobody but
the youthes. Get them off the streets, put them in the parlor,
put' them anywhere, get them off the streets and give them
$50 a wfefek , give $100 a week, give $200 a week, keepi them
off the streets. But the poverty program began its concepts
saying that the black family was divided. The father was
unemployed. He was away and he had no moral image. Remember
when they ran that junk down on us. Now they say that and when
+ H ‘'y come to solve the problem they give the money to the
youths. Now think what it does to our fathers. My father 40-45
years old, I'm 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and every week I come and
through down $70, $90, $100, $200. He's sitting there. I'm
supporting the family. Wht does that do to my father. . .They
should give the money to our fathers who are in fact the
n,’lers of our family and they are solving the problem.
Response from audience.
So we got to understand the poverty program. If we get invoked
in {.he poverty program we do so only because we're going to
use it as an organizing tool to bring our peop&d together.
Now we want to move in to begin to internationalize
a little, and we have to talk aboit this thing with both sides
caus6 • a lot of people don't really understand the difference
between both whites and black people. The difference is that
there are two tyoes of oppression. There is exploitation.
There is colonization. Exploitation is where one race of
people exploits or oppresses other people in the same race.
That's to say that if I a black man who is exploiting all of
ye who are black people then there would be exploitation, because
wo 1 re the same people and all I'm taking from you is money
•i -id I'm exploiting you. Colonization is when one race of
’^ople totally oppresses another race of people. Cause when
t h^ v do that not only do they rid them of their money they
rid them of their humanity. Because they have to destroy
the culture, the history, the language, the ways of life
o r the people they oppress so the people... can you take that
its very deep. We got to understand. We got to understand.
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CG 100-40342
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i.'e have to understand because there is a difference between
colonization and exploitation. White people are fighting
mnra mnruJu Thftv havo the same culture, the name hiatorv .
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the same city, the same way of life as Lyndon Johnson. . Lyndon
Johnson cause they not Lyndon Johnson, that’s all, that’s all.
Black people are a colonized people. We have been dehumanized.
We are fighting for our humanity . .There’s the t difference.
Its a big difference. We’re fighting for our history , our
culture, our own way of life. We are fighting for our humanity
because we have been dehumanized. Our history is not the
same as the honky 6s history. There is no use playing games.
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It for us is to admit that we gave him civilization and he
will never do that.
Response from audience.
We’ve got to understand that because the tfJkght between us and
the fight between white people are two entirely different
things. That is not saying we can’t use their fight. Sure,
when the Democratic Convention comes hero I wovlld advise every
black man to sit home and fight each other, its about time that
...(unintelligible due to audience response). I don’t need
for any black person to get involved in that convention. It
ain’t going to do any good and don’t let Kennedy put you to
sleep. He’s just a honky like all the others.
Response from audience.
and the only reason anywhere because they want to put us
to sleep. That’s the only reason. Kennedy ain’t going to
do nothing more than his brother, which was nothing more
than Johnson or any other honky ever did. We have got
to make a clean sweep because if we believe that Kennedy
passed the civil rights bill. Kennedy did not do anything
for the civil rights bill. It was the bodies of four black
ladies in Birmingham, Alabama that passed the civil rights
bill.
Response from audience.
f
►
7 ^ a #? 1 A
“ ■
CG 100-40342
It was thousands of our young brothers and sisters out In
the street ... bricks and bottles that passed the dyil rights
bill. Kennedy didn't pass the civil rights bill. Kennedy
never passed it. He was just the smart one. He recognized
that if they didn’t get the civil rights bill the war was
going to come much sooner.
If we understand those two sides of oppression
then we begin to see who are our allies. Brothers and
sisters our allies are the colonized people of the world.
Response from audience.
That's to say that we are allies of the third world. .. (unintelligible)
due to audience response) , and we must be allies again because
they,. like us are fighting for our humanity. H-U-M-A-N-I-T-Y.
Its different from money. A lot different* from money. The
brothers and sisters who threw bricks and bottles against
tanks, they’re not throwing it for a dollar they're throwing
it for their humanity. Maybe all they're saying is god dammit
if all I can do nigger, get off of your feet and die like
a man you been living in this slum far too long. Its for
humanity of our people that they threw those bricks and
bottles. Can you not hear them yelling, nigger do something
die like a man on your feet. If that's all you can do for them
die like a man, die like a man.
Response from audience.
We must understand that concept because if the
United States move to start more of a war and you going toget
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we going to be on.
Response from audience; Negro
The next one is going to be the middle East. We must
be on the side of the Arabs, of the Arabs. We cannothbe on the
sid) of the Zionist. We must be for the poor. We must be for
the Arabs because there's is a just fight. They are fighting
for. the land that was taken from them by the Zionists, the
British, and tie Unified States of America.
'(A‘ -T'p-'
..
& ** * ’'* 1
CG 100-40342
J ponse from audience.
We must be for the Arabs because they are fighting in Africa.
Africa is our mother land. This is important. A young Jewish
boy.... 1948 where Egypt ' 4,000 year agd, millions of years
ago and we going to let them march into Egypt sit here and
1 lr a Vvmi 4* f K nm Aroho ant*o i o Ka r? Thom A rfl he ain’t rtDP
in M WV u V VUUIH *>1 U I/O OU1 V A 0 L/MM « A H * w v Sf M « *■ * ”
what they supposed to do. They should drop them into the
sea .
Response of audience.
You've got to understand what is going on in the world today.
A Zionist has no business in Palestine. The land belongs
to the Arabs. The land belongs to the Arabs and the longer
you sit out there before the Zionists you cutting out your
own eye, because they mowing into Egypt and Egypt is ours.
Now we going to come to a very very important
concept. This concept of love and hate. 'Now you know people
say that the reason all like Rap Brown is cause he preaches
hate, and that's right. Now they don't understand Rap Brown,
since the brother in jail and shce he is my leader, I might
be able tonight to explain a little to you about the brother.
Brother not talking about hate. The honky recognizes what
ho is talking about. The honky recognizes that in every
black man and every Negro there is some Rap Brown.
Response from audience.
He recognizes it, that's why he won't like Rap Brown, because
he knows Rap Brown... why else does he put Rap Brown in jail.
Rap ain't steal nothing. Rap ain't had.. shot none of them.
He ain't seen Ran lite no fires. Rap ain’t broken no laws.
Rap is wrapped in the truth and the trust ... (unintelligible
due to audience response) . Now we got to understand this
concept of hate, because I will tell you when those brothers.,
walk out of my house in Washington, D. C. and a fellow came
up to me asking... I said yes, I said I him. He said, Well
1 don't hate nobody.
Response from audience.
CG 100-40342
I said well I hate those white folks for what they did. He
said he don't hate no white folk. He's right he doesn't
hate no white folk, because he does not love his people, and
I'll tell you why we cannot have such a thing as love and
not have such a thing as hate. There's a thing the honkies
call dialectic philosophy, which says there are opposites
for everything. There’s a boy; there's a girl. There's joy;
there’s sadness. There's laughter; there's tears; There's
cold; there's hot. For everything there is an opposite, and
as these opposites react that's how you get changes in the
world. If you got love you got to have hate.
Response from audience.
If you got love you got to have hate cause ycu would not
be *i>le to differentiate. You could love, you coAld hate.
Some people you don't like too much. Some people you
dislike. Some people you hate. If you didn't have it
you couldn't tell who to dislike, you couldn’t tell who
to marry cause you'd be in love with everybody. So there
must be an- opposite, but if you say you don't have no hate
; you say you don’t have no love because if you love your
people you would hate senybody who would try to mess with
them. Yes you would.
Response from audience.
If you had an undying love for your people anybody who touched
them you'd kill them on the spot, for if you a mother and a
father and you have children and you love those children and
somebody come to hurt your children you would want to take
care of them. Even an animal would protect its own. This
man has dehumanized us and... he just snaps his fingers and
wo'. come back wagging our tails. We are human beings, we’re
people with emotions. If we love our people and ... (unintelligible
due to bongo playing in ’audience) , We cannot stand up on our
feet if, god dammit, we hate you. You can say it to him, but
we cannot say it to our people. (mimicing) I; hate the niggers
down there. I hate them all they do is shooting. I hate them,
but I don * t .. because I don’t have hate in my heart.
Response from audience.
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CG 100-40342
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It is because we do not have love for our people that man
do the things he does to us. If we had love, if we had
undying love, if we had undying love (large amount of
response from audience) . If we had undying love for our
people when they touch one they would have to touch all.
That then say specifically some things about Chb&go.
There are a lot of so-called Negro leaders in Chicago.
They do not care about their people. They care only about
themselves and the few choice niggers around them. They do
not .
t
Response from audience.
I
I will tell you why they do not care about their people.
They do not care about their people because in the last week
they seen 18 of our brothers and sisters have been wiped out
by each other in these gangs .... They have not gone down to
talk to the young brothers and sisters because they are
afraid of their own people. They are afraid of their own
people. Rangers are fighting Disciples and fighting the
Sailits and fighting the loves to fight the Viceroys and
all of these Negro leaders ain't got time to go out
and beg them to stop killing each other.
Response from audience.
Last night when we were trying to speak to some
of these gangs one of the brothers ...got shot in the face.
We couldn't find one black leader to go to the hospital
to meet with those gangs to stop the gang war that is going
on. Couldn't find one. They didn’t even know the name of
the gang and they suppose to represent us intthe city.
'Where are the ministers of our community. Where are the
ministers who are quickest to condemn us when we rebel
against whitey. Why can't they... when we rebel againft
ourselves. Why can't they do that. Where are the ministers
who bog us to love the white man, but can’t teach us to love
ourselves. Where are the ministers. Where are the ministers.
Where are the ministers, who say they are teaching the
preachings of Jesus Christ, who said of all the commandments
I give you this is the most important, "Love thee one another."
Where are our people, where are our ministers. Where are these
men if you can find them with their pork chop faces... and
when we need them we can't find them. Where are our leaders in
Chicago. Where are they.
Response from audience.
3 1
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CG 100-40342
%
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v
r j f*htor>n of our people died. Eighteen of our young glorious
died and they don't give a godndamn and they call themselves
Negroes. They call themselves Negroes, and why aren't you
talking to our young brothers and. sisters. Their flesh of
our flesh and blood of our blood.. They are the warriors of
our race. They are the ones who never compromise. They
fight that honky war every single day of their lives, every
day of their lives. You want leaders. I'll give you
leaders. Get the Blackstone Rangers fighting for their
people and you got some leaders .. (unintelligible due to
audience response) You want leaders. I'll give you leaders.
Get the Vice lords, get the Roman Saints, get all those
groups together to the black club to fight for their people
and we got the leaders. We'll have some leaders because
they will fight to the death. They fight to the death now
for no reason Just because they hate the white man and just
because they're individually frustrated.
Response from audience.
If we can teach them to fight the while man not because they
hate him but because they love their people we can have this
situation lock stock and barrel, without ... (unintelligible
due to audience response) .
What are you feeling so moral about. We know the
nonky got everything. He got it by stealing it. He not
ponna give you anything. We got to take it. We got to
take it. We got to take it.
Response from audience.
And these brothers on the streets everyday take it, but they're
taking it for themselves. Lets organize them and let them take
it for our people. But the preachers and the leaders are
afraid of most black people in their community. The gang
fighters, the gang fights, because the gang fighters may not
have any politics, they may not have education, they are not
glorifying the poverty program, but their hearts are black.
Their hearts are black cause when something comes down they
black and fight. They don't try to stop it they want to help
r ;id people we must understand that wo must have an undying
love for our people. We must begin to 4ove our peole so much
, .Vai. we will not let apyone touch one hair on their happy head.
Response fromaaudience.
3 JL
•v.-.v -
- - - - - -
CG 100-40342
We are not preaching about hate we are preachhg
about love. because if you love your people you will
destroy your people’s enemies.
I
Now there's one last thing I want to do before
I leave. I want to ask you not to applaud until I raise
my hands. I want you to listen very carefully to what
I am going to read. Brother Rap Brown is in jail. After
I read thesstatement you may applaud. I will not beg for
any money. You will simply pass the baskets. You will
give as you so desire. I am not a preacher. I don't beg
for money. Rap Brown is in jail not for money but for
love of his people. If you have love for you people you
will put some money in the basket to help get....
Response from audience.
Iwant to read a statement that was written by my leader.
The man I’ll die for in a minute because ‘he's ready to
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while he was in jail. I want J'ou to listen to it very
closely because I don't care what you say...
i
CG 100-40342
SNCC Threats
On April 30, 1968, ROBERT ALFONZO BROW accompanied
by BOB RUSH, Chicago Branch of SNCC Student Organizer* attended
a political meeting held in a south side Chicago church.
Present and speaking at the meeting were Chicago alderman
A. A. "Sammy" RAYNER and democrat jc congressional candidates
AUGUST "GUS" SAVAGE. The audience consisted generally of
young people* not of voting age* from the Forestville High
School area.
BROWN was not expected at this affair and without
invitation took over the stage and microphone and began speaking.
He said the candidates cbuld campaign, but he doubted if there
would be any elections. He said "Niggers" should not vote
and if any were caught at the polls they would be sorry.
He commented that most black office holders do not represent
their own people and they "would be taken care of later",
BROWN accused Alderman RAYNER of taking money from
LUCY MONTGOMERY, a rich North Shore society Chicago white female.
He did not think RAYNER was too bad and if he did not "mess up",
he would be helped. He warned congressional candidate SAVAGE
to be careful and not take advantage of his own people, the
black race. There was no crowd support for BROWN and they
were so overwhelmed by his remarks they did not bother to
question his obvious contradictory statements.
- 3 # -/
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CG 100-40342
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Cooperation with Chicago Consor tium of the Black
United Front (BUF) S
nAnT’nm
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has been selected to be on the guide lines committee to
formulate policy for a new group called Consortium of
the Black United Front (BUF) . BUF is an attempt to
solidify the relations of civic, social and religious
Negro groups of Chicago into a single new black power
structure ,
ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN and BOBBY L. RUSH were observed
in attendance at National CORE meetings held in Columbus,
Ohio, during the weekend of July 5-7, 1968.
(Source |G9R 7/8/68)
t V •
V. SNCC LEAFLETS
The attached SNCC le,
and "Help" were obtained from
previously. Leafle.ts entitled,
"Brothers" were obtained from
ts entitled " I am the Law"
mentioned
[ust Love our People**and
on May 10, 1968.
- 35 -
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Beware offche deceivers l Don’t be mislead ov
their black exterior and premeditated white lies! They
are onlv implements of the "white" power structure, being
used by them for the ramification of "Black people.
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The objective of .this circular is to unite
our brothers into a common front against the "white"
fc
power struoture. Sow can black people unite when we have
_ , * y i - i. or>f. tf 'Wpcr*nn n
certain Tonrt>oos sue n as our vauttuv uwu-y^iv.^
leader, Whitntv' Young, Who so fearlessly attacked Stokely
r'nt* hia belief that Black people should be
militant? In his attacVL. ho stated that ^tolcel-y only
had 5® followers, when I know of at least 50 from wy
group alone* The purpose of His statement was to implant
the thought that Stokely was'loadlW? » *auiotdal Revolution”.
The bag that Whitey la ooraiug out df i# pitting Blaok man
vs. Black man. While we squabble anmoget ourselves,
whitey Is preparing to commit genocide
PROVE TO STOKSLEY THAT WB A HE BEHIND HIM
ATTEND THE MEETING BEING HELD SATURDAY, MAY 4th
at 4426 South Droxel
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CONFIWWTIAL
STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE
Literature distributed by the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC), headquartered at 360-362
Nelson Street. S.W , Atlanta, Georgia, describes itself
as not being a membership organisation, but rather an agency
attempting to stimulate and foster the growth of local pro-
test movements. SNCC was born out of the sit-in movement
which erupted across the South beginning on February 1, 1960.
A conference at Raleigh, North Carolina, that Spring, brought
together many of the demonstrating Southern students in a
loose network of militant youth which was officially named
SNCC in October, 1960,
A source has advised that in May, 1966. Stokely
Carmichael was elected National Chairman by the Central Com-
mittee. In May. 1967 Carmichael was replaced as Chairman
by H. Rap Brown, with Carmichael assuming the position of
Recruiter and Organiser for the SNCC. In August, 1967, at
the invitation of Fidel Castro. Carmichael participated in
the Organization of Latin American Solidarity Conference
which was held in Havana, Cuba. Subsequent thereto, Carmichael
traveled to Hanoi and other sections of North Vietnam. He
returned to the United States in December, 1967. at which
time his passport was picked up because of travel to un-
authorized countries
A source advised that when Carmichael was elected
Chairman of SNCC, the organization embarked on a program of
eliminating Caucasians from its ranks. With the election of
)1 Rap Brown as Chairman in 1967. it embarked on a world-
wide struggle for human rights and to take a firm stand
against violations of these rights by the American Government
and to strengthen its programs of opposition to the draft
and to the United States involvement in Vietnam.
Literature distributed in February. 1968. identi-
fies SNCC as an organization in the revolutionary vanguard.
It advocates that to be successful it is necessary to deve-
lop a revolutionary ideology and revolutionary program.
On August 13. 1967. while addressing a group in
the Watts area of Los Angeles, California. H Rap Brown said
"You better shape up America, or we’ll burn you down." Later
in February. 1968. in a publicized note Brown wrote. "America,
if it takes ray death to organize my people to revolt against
you and to organize your jails to revolt against you and to
organize your children, your God. your poor, your country,
and to organize mankind to rejoice in your destruction and
ruin, then here's my life."
4 0 *.
■ ■ - *
CONWDENTIAL
Jj» i*t*'n* ** lo
/.*/« xVo. CG 100-40342
V I. *0.*
^ •*
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Chicago, Illinois 60604
July 2 \ 1968
t iF—
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Title STUDENT NON-VIOLENT •
COORDINATING COMMITTEE
(SNCC )
Character RACIAL MATTERS - STUDENT
wnW-VTOT/EVT COORDT VA TTWn COMM TTTF.F
Referene
Agent
as above .
report of Special
dated and captioned
All sources (except any listed below) whose identities
are concealed in referenced communication have furnished reliable
information in the past.
W*’ ’
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> •*
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This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. U is the property
ol the FBI and Is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside
your aq ency.
4
*
l ’
ro TII2 BUKSAU (2)
-'’'closed for the Bureau are two (2) copies of now
r numb nail s‘ietc, for Chicago Branch of SNCC for Bureau approt a - .
t t f yT> A '^TV r
A. A > : ^ J*. i
inf. flints "of continuing value and compromise the future effectiveness
CG 100-403 12
COPIES
lO - Bureau (100-43919U) (RM)
2 J - Atlanta (100-6488) (RM)
1 - Region 1, 113 th MI Group,
Evanston, Illinois (via courier)
1 U. S. Secret Service, Chicago (via courier)
1 - NISO, Chicago (RM)
1 - OS I, Chicago (via courier)
2 - Chicago (100-40342)
CES : CMS
( 1 8 )
-i i -
100 -40342-207 C.
-2070
Characterization o
S TOM ELY CARMICHAEL
100-40342-210 I
100-40325-2025
100-40342-2072
100-40342-2072
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CG 100-40342
Y
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(COVER PAGE)
\l* V
UNI'i STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUixSCE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Copy fn:
Report oh
D OiC;
CON
1 - Rodion 1, 113th MI Groap,
Evanston, Illinois
(via courier)
1 - U. S. Secret Service, Chicago (via courier)
1 - NISO, Chicago (EM)
1 - QS I . Chic ago (via courier)
0.?ice- : Chicago
FielJ Office File >: 100— 403-12
Bureau File *: 100-439JL90
lv.
STUDENT NON-VIOLENT
COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SNCC)
CHcrccrcr:
RACIAL MATTERS - SKCC
JV
L i . i :
ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN and other officers of the Chicago
Branch of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC) , disbanding this branch during 8/OS . ; r.U associated
themselves with the Black Panther Party. The Chicago
Branch of SNCC is therefore no longer functioning. Data
of a speech by STOXELY CARMICHAEL- in Chicago set out a<
' O
11
s o
r -r
Is
leers, members and financial information' prior
he disbandim
of
the Chicago organization.
..1 " or:: Jits neither reccm«n*en da lions nor conclusions ol the POI. It is the property ot the Piil o.il is *oaned to
• ; jv ; i; oriJ its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
vp
' ->
1
v
«.
CG 100-10342
DETAILS: AT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
The following organizations re Terre;] to in
r i r* r>
a 1 1 n ch c J hereto:
this Tp^ni’f. r>rc described in the appendix section
1.
2 .
3..
4.
5.
Black Panther Part}' (DPP);
Chicago Branch, Socialist Workers
Party (CBSYWP) ;
Los Angeles Local - Socialist
Workers Party (LAL-SWP) ;
Students for a Democratic .
Socic ly (SDS) ;
Student Non-Violent
Coox'dinatiii”' Committee (SNCC) ,
National .and Chicago Branch.
The Socialist Workers Party (S’.VP) has seen
designated pursuant to executive Order 10450.
I. BACKGROUND
-■V'
r ■
H ■
i &’.f\
1
Or i f; n ,
Aim
and Pur no sc
ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN as of May, 19GS, headed
the Chicago Branch of SNCC, which as of that time was a looat-iy
organized and non-membership type organization. BROWN operated
the organization from his residence located at 11400 Sen ‘ k
Vincennes Aver.ue, Chicago. BROWN and his associates n -tempt
to develop opposition to the white power structure by con-
tacting various Negro youth gangs and black power type
organizations and in that regard using intimidation, and bov
Lie thods .
Cv'.tt
5/68)
The Chicago Branch of the BPP was founded on
August 25, 1068, with ROBERT ALFONZO BROWN t-S organizer , ROBERT LEE
RUSH as Chicago Chairman, JOSEPH LT MONTGOM EP. Y as Field
Director and FRED HAMPTON, » Field Organizer. At this time
the Chicago Branch of SNCC was dissolved and discontinued
and the organization of the BPP in Chicago took place as an
affiliate of the national organization. As of that time
there was no longer any SNCC functioning in Chicago.
3/27/68)
- 2 -
CG 100-10342
8 / 27 /GL)
I oiv
J. %i
II/ G/G3.J
i v is the belief anon'r r.any SNCC officials t’
eta teraen r.s; such ns sna do by PHILLIP LiSROY HUTCHINGS in i
An
#*-
*
m r;
in
tr
of
v/o
T
•-4
It! bo the first to ran and hi Go.
1 1 / 6 / C 3 )
B. Locality in U'Mcii Active
Chicago ,
The Chicago branch of SNCC operates.
Illinois nr on .
in the
— 3 -
5 T» 8 )
I *,V.
* k'
CO 100—10342
i
BWJ
I v
5 fer'
i y ^ir
- «t .
i £■*
4 >*'*
1 Use
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• ^ f: fc /T
^ -M
*? *
* if V __ •
'Sfc ^A A,
.v
"'m
S . / *1 / \ f f~' r * \
.t ) / 1 ! ) / C S )
II. MEM PER SMTP REQUIREMENT S
A. Locality in Which Active
N/A
B. Identity of Leaders, Members and Membership
Pr^n l ) 1 T* ‘vootc:
+ * y • * " Ll,i. A \ , J » V I ^ V t^. r
ROBERT ALF0NZ0 BROWN as of August, 1 i)63 , \..ts
midwest director of SNCC and head of the Chicago Branch of
t. ! ) a t organizati o n .
a
JL ( ) / G f > )
ROBERT LEE RUSH
organizer for the Chicago
as of
Branch
/August, 1068,
of SNCC.
was
j student
1
8/6/'
III. T ERROR 1S T OR REVOLUTIONARY TACT ICS
A . Aicts of V id once
N/A
IJ. Statements of Membei*s Showing' the Violent Aims and
Purp oses Involving Racial Disturbances.
At a meeting of black na ti onal is ts held on .August 10,
1 9 G 3 , a t z he A f i to — At t s T h c ci t ov , 3947 S o u t h Dy c x cl Houle v o r* d
oTOEELY CARMICHAEL, the main speaker, urged members of the
black community to arm themselves to prevent genocide of the
black race and to prepare themselves for the "revolution."
CARMICHAEL urged the black race to support MAO TSE TUNG and
also urged young black youth going to Vietnam to kill /American
soldiers rather than soldiers of the North Vietnamese.
said that law enforcement agencies, including the FBI should b e
- 4 -
ga
I:?
cc, kjo— !o:m2
..opt. ou 1. o i. i'iiic t comm uni ties. lie* added that • ( 1 t i c ‘2 intor—
u\ a n t not bo killed, but t ho police v/re: they inform
should :k; hi 1 led. A.-nony officials of the CMcaye T;ra : of
SNCC# at tend in” this affair, was ROBERT ALFORbO
ao • os)
o i. 0 \ C.\ I L : v.Jj is a forncr national c’i rccto v
a. -S
: • 10/03 )
F. V ^
Oi\CC iias
no means of training anyone in the use of firearms unci its
members would be the first to run and hide if :,r.v type of
revolution did occur.
11/6/68)
-t>-
t
CG ICO -40342
H >
C. Other Inf or; nation
%■
» Alt'
\
ip
y* ;fe -
u- 7 *»
km.
During the early part of 10 Go . members of bio
Chicago branch of SNCC were reportedly partied mating in
firearus, judo and karate training under the supervision
of ROGER T BROWN, head of that Branch, This ira in iny ro-
por tod 1. y took place in the area known as fltpeld Gardens
on Chicago f s south side. There is no inch cation that
s’urb. tr:i i ni n<> - con ti nurd a f ter Tr ( x trnnrv . 1 *)() S _
.w-
k
11/25 ''ban
< •
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A
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;E£/ve I
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t #
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i xvr
i §
IV. PUBLICATION S
iML' 0 * t I V— 4.1 ,. > C ^ I- 1 4* i M.* . .
n . ; d A u , , 1 1 l> t , i*J Go f v. :> \; iio
; > . ; ; ; L i c a i i i ■ r, s .
V, GENKilA L ACTIVITY
v i' ?k*CC , <UW \ i.r t \ : ':a: period Jm 1
k mow u iu have issut'i! ri?’v
12/l.E/r-iS)
(5 Ivi (>h )
Dur in; ; Jui;C , IvGd, ROHERT ALFO.VZO PEG- 4 ';, i . hiwVA,
o have Loom in contact wi;h SNCC Honchuar icro in hashing ten ,
-4 , 4 , # 1 , 't . ,
» G 1 < t * ' ^ C# ■ 4 ‘ 1 C
.in.; located at 2208 14 Mi St rot-!..
7 7 12 /AS )
« A:-’
Darin;.* Jn,,v , 1008, BUOV.N al.su was report/u to lav-,
n in contact v.; t h STOKE LY CARMICHAEL in Was, Lag ton, D.'J
7/22/ud '•
vl. CONNECTIONS V.'ITI! OTHER BLACK NATIONALIST GROUPS.
. ■ . ,,, - ■ || - - ■ I I - II M I Ml T - ■ ikl III ~T 1 I || * - — — —
4
The Angnst LG - 1(5, 10 68 weekly edition oi t he "C. • c
Defender " Catena, I Hi no is newspaper, page 0, no lumn c .... ,
.-on tamed an item crpMoned, "Black Party is Goal ul SNCC
v ;,ief." This art ic le - was datelined New York and statue ; ; s
i o 1 lows :
"Formation of a nationwide black political party with
• black panther as its symbol is SNCC * s major goal, according
' <: PHIL HUTCHINGS, the organization’s new program secre tary.
”ii»e party's main emphasis, he said, will !y on black
neople controlling t he i r areas, and on bui lding links among
I
->t
' A; 100-40342
v- Z> ^ ' Vti I
ron-wh i tes i iirovi'^oul
pn i i L ica 1 pari y piv. op
e >/ i Is f b ii i a par i y ac s
roods of black people,
be world. It will no
y o o a cik)j c r? be 1 w t e n
^ned by black people
said HUTCHINGS ,
l be l be trabitio
t iie lesser of two
and filling c i*e
na
]
’ v
"Tile party's a
• i by Ixjv.-aues CiiU;:t
STOKilLY CAEMICJIAliL
ymbol, a black panther, was i jrst.
y, Alabama Freedom Orpaniznt ion , es
, former SN’CC chairman in 1965."
Lab- lis.icv)
r > / r / . » r ■* \
b ' o/ ob }
S
' * J '
X s' i
r -
i w
i . v, v k
tv
<v
,?V
i -
? 4:-\t
+-
*• ‘
v
-'» v
. *
.}•>
CG 100—40242
CES/vel
3
VI II. INFLUENC E OF THE CP, OTHER REVOLUTIONARY GROUPS
BLACK NATIONALIST GROUPS’]
.-'P * )
c: .
The Aliens 1 10"- 16, 1908 issue of the "Chicago Defender'.'
six, oiuri-i one, contained an item captioned, ’’Black Party #
lS Goal oi SNCC Chief.” This i ten in substance stated that S.N'CC
planned to form a nationwide black political party wit
black panther as its synibd.
h
-■v
*
«• ' •-
9
i
rr, l
^ U ^ ^ A w/ V 7 ^
CES/ve 1
4
As of Oc t obe r , 1908 ,
in the Chicago cnapicr of
there was no CP influence
SNCC .
10/17/68
Oil September 10,
Attorney EUGENE ROBINSON
1968, Assistant United
, Northern District of
States
1 1 1 i no i
at
di
C!i:ea ; ;o, advised
aiii-seJ the Select
: ha t
l ve
Federal Jud
Service case
: ;o ABRAHAM MAItOVIT
against ROBERT
0
N o;
/'r UiA .* na.-i a
xuv' - ": 'jij'io
CES/ve 1
\ «-■
i . )&
a&
k,<fc
U •«§<
i *xv
I r VAl.'
jp* -»rv.
. », .
t-Str.
t .viV
1 •">
: Jg?
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i ^
Abl'ONZJ r.K dV y , on i!ij conjj t ion t :ia t he enie
s e r v j. o e b y 0- : 1 o 1; e > ' 0 , 1 :) (>*> . BH 0 ; v N n y. r o o d L o
. ! JL J
i , ; ,
Assistant drilled Stales Attorney R OR] A S ( ;N
advised on Ju:voi!;ex‘ 14, )ddd> that BROdp had complied
wild Judje VAR 0-/7 'i'Z f s i-rcler to report for induction
but at the Av,.,' b: discretion sue); induction ^as ho K.
abeyance pend^nc a security check of RRQivK.
Ass istrni Uni ted States At torney HOB I A SOS
advised on Ncrv.aber 2Q 1 A d>8 , mat the inuio" ; : ;enl amirs
BROVr A , repair tiS :i is Sc leu t a ve Scr vi oe vio in t i • a , ms
dismissed by j;v,o VAROV ITZ on November 2c, RmS f \vi . .
prejudice to f.le npnin if RROVrR is found evallfied for
id 1: tary serv.ua ♦ to I low i u;; the Ariay 's secv:l : crock ,
no fail- in eovr-iy.
« •** ■
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*
■4 P-'
A S* < J
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■
*>:. ■* . .
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- irry ^
*
Or ”
APPENDIX
¥ >|5‘
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f :C.
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7£ <V
- *„
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•■ O •
f 7
£ ;-* v :
BLACK _?A NTRLf l PA I IT Y
According to its official newspaper, the Black Panther Party
(DPP) was started during December, 1966. in Oakland, California, to
organize black people so they can take control of the life, politics, and the
destiny of the black community. It was organized by Bobby George* Seale,
BPP Chairman , and Huey P. Newton. BPP Minister of Defense. Newton
is presently serving a sentence ui 2 to 15 years on a conviction of man-
slaughter in connection with the killing oi an Oakland police olfieor.
The official newspaper, "The Black Panther, ’ which further
describes itself us the "Black Community News Service, " states that die
BPP advocates the use oi guns and guerrilla tactics in its revolution:-.;- y
; up ram to end oppression of the black people*. Residents of the black
community are urged to arm themselves against the police who are con-
e r;vM I o v* i v f B ? * v . wH to in i ' \ *' - t \i ? \ a f * • ' t > / i 1 i ‘ i . . ’ 1 r ’i 5 1 »
5iv,iiu y r v. r v a * w v. •* e *_/ u, w i ^ u u ^ *. ± w* * ' * . uci [upo
\1 » l . : * I i f ■ * ’ G? } U~‘ L l 1 1 i - r*
V.- 1 W 4 ■* '*-
"Thu Black Panther" issue ol September 7, 1963. contains an
editorial by EPP Munster of Kduca'ion, George Mason M is ray, which
ends with the following :
"Black men. Black people, colored persons of America,
. evolt everywhere I Arm yourselves. The only culture worth kc-epir ;
is a revolutionary culture. Change. Freedom everywhere. Dynamite 1
Dom/vr- 1 T ^ ■ r i ! fa a . r -*-> VC i 1 ] t h i * t i < > <i vibh^ip . T ’
* „ : A irv .1 EVStil , VW ry V. u: V- , -m . - OUI on. ] ' r ., m
In cluo csi in the introduction to an article appearing in the
October 5, 1963, edition of "The Black Panther" is the statement, ", ..
v;e wall not dissent frorti American Government. We will overthrow it,"
Issues of "The Black Panther" regularly contain quotations
Irani the writings of Chairman MAO T.se-tung of the People’s Republic
of China and feature MAO's statement that "political power grows out of
« 1 . . V s.\ /"v 1 / \ T O / 'T* i % r*\
, . t; uiu i 1 1 ui a
The national headquarters of the BPP is located at 3106 Shaituck
Avenue, Berkeley, California. Branches have been established at
various locations throughout the United States,
12
1
APPENDIX
SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY
CHICAGO BRANCH
In May, 1S68, a source advised that it was h;s
understanding that the currently active Chicago Branch of
the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) was one of the founding
branches cf the SWP at a 193S Chicago Trotskyist Convention,
and it follows the aims and principles of the SWP which
maintains national headquarters in New York City.
Members of the Chicago Branch serve as SWP nations
functionaries, and per capita membership' dues and a sus coin-
ing fund quota are sent by this branch on a monthly basis to
SWP national headquarters.
The SWP has been designated pursuant to Executive
Order 10450.
APPENDIX
1
LOS ANGELES LOCAL - SOCIALIST WORKERS
(LSL - SWP)
! • ;\2i A A
On Kny 1G,
t h a "u t 1 j c L » i
and continues
the L.-.L - SWP
with ai:as and
SWP.
1968, a confidents
<U
OU
acivisf;:'
SWP has boon j.n existence since the lOSo's
to exist. The source furtlicr advised that
is a local branch of the National SWP,
purposes identical to those of the National
The SWP lias been designated
pursuant to Executive Oi'der
104 50.
14
T
O M
APPENDIX
l /* w -W
STUDENTS FOR A DEM OG'HATJi: ‘*uo;et\
The Students lor a Democratic Society (SDS), as
it is known today, came into being at a founding convention
held at Port Huron, Michigan, in June, 1962. The SDS is an
association of young people on the left and has a current
program of protesting the draft, promoting a campaign for
youth to develop a conscientious objector status, denouncing
United States intervention in the war in Vietnam and to
"radically transform" the university community, and provide
for its complete control by students. GUS HALL, General
Secretary, Communist Party, USA, when interviewed by a
epresentative of United Press International in San Iran
i s c o ,
o f
alifornia, on May 14, 1965, described the SDS as a part
the "responsible left" which the Party has "going for us."
At the June, 1965, SDS National Convention, an ant i -communist
proviso was removed from the SDS constitution. In the
,\._i _i __ <~t t rv r* /' c . c < r . ... t .*« vf.-, ' 1 + 1-. ^ . y.l f * r. ^ 1
UCIODCT /, ibiUt' W i Afw uri t **-***.».
Publication ol SDS, an SDS spokesman stated taut there arc
some communists in SDS and they are welcome. The national
headquarters of this organization as of July 21, 1958, was
located in Room 206, 1608 West Madison Street,
I 1 1 i no is .
Chi ca go ,
15
•If"'
-Sv
1
APPENDI X
STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SNCC)
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Cciacittee (SKCC) ,
he&dqu?.r ter ed at 350-362 Kelson Street, S. W. , Atluuta, Georgia,
la a nonmenbership organization, which was born out of the
eit-in movement that erupted across the South beginning
in 1960.
Today SKCC identifies itself as an organization in
a- W «- . Ik •» A. 1 ■ ■ ^ A. H A M *r
vuc revuiuuuu^ij
• r rt M J*» » • •*» «• rA T 4r A. >4 < > *-v A iTi A N« r 4*
VUL^Utii U5, A l ten W +IU L
k’C
it is necessary to develop a revolutionary ideology
revolutionary program.
r - * . i ■> a o f- f i« 1
Il'JCCCO&iV A.
A n
A* W
'**** - ' *
...cording to SKCC the year 1P67 marked a historic
milestone in the struggle for the liberation of black people
in the United Staten and the year that revolutionaries
throughout the world began to understand more fully tho imp
of the Mack movement. SNCC declared that 'liberation will
r*»" 1 •.tK«n + Ko Wd 4 Or f < n*» 1 f \ ^ Tl! f* t i r» r. A f t h i m ft ."t AC t OT>iV5^ -
\_, V/ iM C > u U 1 v ;r uuu V Ahi A * UM «■ MOW UV WAk VU V * * ** * ^ •***'«* V ^ v w ^
the capitalistic eystcr. of the United States with all its
life-sucking tentacles of exploitation and racism that choke
the people of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The realities
of black life, together with the recognition inrtilled In SKCC
workers forced its raeabora to further popularize the legitimacy
1 XI J _ _ . .) __ - 1 1 4 A .. V, . n A ♦ •• .- A 4 *
of self-defense and rebellions when oppression became tcc
treat
?roa Hay, 196S, until Hay, 1967, Stokely Carmichael
tv ** fx.
VI
nf
If! 1 V
w J >
1953 C&rjPicJis*? I
Vh f ^ 1 Pha 1 A f P KC'C*. . A Q
V JL. V A. V* JC&a»W ^ «L« W ^ kP>A<VV • »*** — — » — — / ;
resided in Washington, D. C., where he wa3 affiliated - i : h
SNCC ana active ao temporary chairman of a black cca.ll .ion
group. Zn Hay, 1957 ^ Carmichael was replaced by Hubert Geroid
Brown, corironly known aa H. Hap Brown, who served until
June, 1968.
1 1
In June, 1968, at the
meeting of SNCC held in Atlanta,
Ario i vMntnr n f h« nrff n n "I TP 1 1 An hv
i UU Vi UU LUA U I VUU V 4 » J
Staff and Central Committee
Georgia, it was decided to
equalization of rezponuibi ilty
by creating ten deputy or vice chairmanships . The primary
purpose for this change is to take law enforcement pressure off
any single individual.
16
Cvi
X
:S$
' if>“
* rite -5
&.*
. ■
i-5T>
?A #v
ti '5 ;$£
i
hr
•4 :^C ’
STL DENT NuWIoUEVT COORD I VAT I \G
nw TTTEE tSVCC). CHICAGO branch
A .sourer advised in r\ > # ]MOS, that the Chicago
Drai] eh o* The SNTC is an a f f i Mate o* * he national SVCC with
ho a dq u a r tors Located in A l 1 a n t n , Go u r g : a . It is a non-
ir’iO fo.bc r sh 1 p typo group headed in f *n iraf;o by ROBERT ALIXjVZO
BRL’KN , a 19 year old mn !o N\a:ro , with the title of V; id west
Holloa Director, BK WS maintains strict loyalty to STUKEL Y
CARMICHAEL, Recruiter and organizer and former National
Director c . f SNCC . BROWN attempts to a 1 i^n Ch irap.es N— T
activities within the framework of CARMICHAEL'S policTOU.
In a speech at Chicago on March 25,1968, CARMICHAEL
co mme n t e c! as follows:
"The white fx?oplc are preparing to C'*v.xi t genooidr
against the black race, What are we feeling so moral about 1 '
We know the honk y got everything. He got it by stealing it.
He’s not going to give you anything. We go t to take it..
These brothers on the streets every day take it, but they’re
taking it for themselves, Let’s organize them and let them
take it for our people."
: ;V S
■ l’r '
N*
The source advised the Chicago branch of the C7T
operates from BRoWN's residence. BROWN and*. several asv
attempt to implement CARMICHAEL'S policies through co ■ . s
in the Negro youth gangs, student groups, and black pc. v. _ -
oriented or ga n i z:i t io ns to influence opposition to white powe
structures through boycott and intimidation methods.
17 *
V-o..
%i
X
-
.-•i. s*
r J F .,-
f -ii 1
■fi
ih:a d^cume.-t contain:- T^ither
w? ‘nt* J" *0 i and it: i o ^,;» >■_» a ic you
y: \iT agency.
re commendations nor rftr.nj usicir.s of ih
agency,' it and its contents are not to
r" Li I
e a; st (
i s * If plO| ,?, . y
- ’ v d oatsiot-
rr.
100-4
2
#
ft.
J
t -
£U ST' I'ES DEF.'-J :TMENT i c
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTfG.i f: 0 - i
X
CONE !« : IAL
> P/.'E
i m
\m
it#
¥&** t yr
Copy to:
Report of:
Dale:
Flotd Office FU© #'
Title;
1 - United States Secret Service,
(Via Courier)
S.
2/18/72
100-40342
OiTic*: Chicago
Bureau File ' :
STUDENT NATIONAL COORDINATING COMMITTEE (ST CC)
i tw
CSarcc^r:
EXTEEN IS T MATTERS
! ft;
i 't-V.
Synopnii
Ails rod Student National Coordinatin'?:
Committee (SNCC) activity in* Chicago i
almost nil. Attempts to es tables:, a
SNCC chapter evolves around three broth
EDWARD, RONALD , and KELVIN KC LEND v i ,
whose efforts h?ve not produced pa~:t
results. There is no known SNCv o’ tie
cfficershlp'b There is no known SNCC
publications available in the Chicago
area. EDWARD MC LEND ON admitted to \v.
contact with V. ; ILL IAN HUNT, but a - v
charter, per so, docs not crista
s _^# * — ♦
/ 7 s - r
V ■* k - •
t :i v e
■jc or
' ,r : *ng
t
wc ~
ccur:
Gf or
r!:r oi ^
dov.T. ’•
COOT •*'.
7 A T .
.1—
f rc
-. \ or **
’ i.fc.
DETA ILS :
EXISTENCE OF STUDENT
RAT ZONAL COORD IN AT IFG
COMMITTEE (SNCC) ClL’-FTSIt
IN CHICAGO AREA AND
LOCATION OF OFF ICE
i the FBI. li is me property
This document contains neither re c ommen da t Ions nor conclus 1 jns cl the h 3 ..
yc>ut egency; it and its contents are not to bo distributed outside your agency.
c S C( . L. ,U?rNTiNC OFFICE: ist& o -
••
t
4-
*
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fS
%y* *
m
,vv-
f f>;-'
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CG 100-40342
■ /
W ILL I AM /LA TRANE, a SNCC leader'
Georgia, area, bad accompanied W ILL IAM fiUl
or about May 16, 1971, in connection yith
a new SNCC chapter in that city. S
fror-i the Atlanta,
AilVL'D to Chicago on
the organizing of
5/21/71)
t
10/12/71')
The efforts of Brother EDI ARP'S A IMT' X, whose tru
is EDWARD MC LENDON , to form a viable ?.
Chicago have failed to produce positive re-
Or headquarters
local ion , which
SNCC would have
J£ ~ ~
iUi
O \T / ' ri v. ) p- »-» ^ v 1 1', • -*s
.j ;x iu r hijciww
4-
could be
be
v
> u
considered
:U1D .VC
o ,
T ~ ’ T ’
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File No. 100-40342
U i ' "i LI) S'i'ATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
federal bureau of investigation
Chicago, Illinois
February 18, 1072
Title
STUDENT NATIONAL
COORDINATING
conn itte
Character
Reference
EXTREMIST MATTERS
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dated and captioned
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